Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology #2 > Pig Parasites > Flashcards

Pig Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

How to disrupt parasites in pigs?

A
  • break life cycle by limiting access to IH

-limit survival of free living stages in the barn environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyostrongylus rubidus

A

-stomach
-red stomach worm
-pasture transmitted
-trichostrongyle with typical life cycle= hatch to 1st stage larvae, than 3rd stage larvae are infected
-rarely causes clinical problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Possible clinical signs of Hyostrongylus rubidus

A

Rare

-ulceration
-stomach perforation
-hemorrhage
-anemia (blood feeder)
-decreased milk yield and fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ascaris suum

A

-small intestines
-big white worms
-large roundworms of pigs; highest prevalence and intensity in grower pigs
-worldwide
-does well indoors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ascaris suum lifecycle

A

PPP:6-8wks
1.Adults in SI
-very fecund females

  1. Eggs pass in feces (7-10yrs in environment; resistance and sticky)
    -larval development occurs entirely within egg (L3 in eggs)
    -temperature dependent development

3.Hepato-tracheal migration- liver, portal vein, lungs, trachea/cough, swallowing into gut

*no transplacental or transmammary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two reasons why ascaris suum are so efficient at indoor barn infection

A
  1. Very fecund infection
    -millions of eggs contaminating one pen
  2. Very hardy eggs
    -can survive in shade and damp conditions for 7-10yrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pathogenesis of ascaris suum

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2.Symptoms due to migrating larvae

  1. symptoms from Adult worms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A. suum migrating larvae symptoms

A

A)Liver
-first infection= physical tunnel damage
-next infections=hypersensitivity
-allergic inflammation=eosinophilic=”milk spots”

B) lungs
-emphysema
-“heaves” and “humps”
-secondary bacterial and viral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A. suum adult worms symptoms

A

-subclinical
-performance problems (weight issues)
-Rare: obstruction, perforation of gut wall, occlude bile ducts

**ZOONOTIC (pig manure fertilization) and OTHER ANIMALS (lambs and calves with resp signs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnosis of Ascaris suum

A

-eggs in feces

-milk spots in liver at meat inspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Control of Ascaris suum

A

-Benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones given orally or parenterally

-Pasture: treat in spring and fall

-Hygiene: clean and disinfect farrowing pens, housing units between batches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trichinella distribution

A

-small intestines and muscle

-eradicated in commercial swine in Canada
>reason for being able to eat rare pork

-predominantly in wild carnivores (walrus and bears) in Canada
>reason for outbreaks in people now

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trichinella transmission

A

-foodborne transmission only!
-no fecal or environmental

**Larvae of wildlife species are freeze resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trichinella life cycle

A
  1. Adult nematodes in small intestine of host
  2. L1 in muscles of same definitive host
  3. Rats and other pigs in barn will ingest infected muscles. L1 will move to gut and develop to adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Trichinella species and freezing

A

T. spiralis-freezing kills them

T. nativa- freeze resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Animal Diagnosis of Trichinella

A

-Occasional reports in cats and dogs; usually diagnosed post mortem in food animals

-detect antibodies in sera or meat juice

-artificial digest of muscles +larval recovery +/-genotyping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical signs of Trichinella

A

-often subclinical
-adults in small intestine=diarrhea
-larvae in muscles: myalgia, fever, periorbital oedema, myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnosis of Trichinella in people

A

-serology
-muscle biopsy
-ECG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment of Trichinella

A

-not needed in animals

-Anthelmintics, corticosteroids in people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Control of Trichinella

A
  1. Do not let pigs eat meat scraps, each other, infected rodents
  2. Cook meat thoroughly
  3. Freezing kills T. spiralis not T. nativa
  4. Curing, drying, smoking, microwaving does not consistently kill infective larvae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CFIA and trichinella

A

Canada= DISEASE FREE STATUS
-surveillance, regulation and testing
-test slaughtered swine constantly
-prohibit feeding meat to pigs
-test horses slaughtered in CFIA abattoirs

22
Q

Strongyloides ransomi distribution

A

-warmer climates- south USA
-not zoonotic

23
Q

Strongyloides ransomi life cycle

A

1.Adult females in small intestine
*prenatal and transmammary
2. Homogenic and Heterogonic cycles
3. Percutaneous and oral transmission of L3

24
Q

Pathogenesis of Strongyloides ransomi in piglets

A

-catarrhal enteritis, dysentery, anemia

75%mortality

25
Q

Control of Strongyloides ransomi

A

-hygiene
-treat sows 14 days before farrowing and piglets <14 days

26
Q

Oesophagostomum spp

A

-nodular worms
-worldwide distribution
-trichostrongyle life cycle (L4 encyst in nodules of large intestine)

27
Q

Clinical signs of Oesophagostomum spp

A

Piglets: diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia

Finishing pigs: reduced weight gain

Sows: reduced litter sizes and milk production

28
Q

Control of Oesihagostomum spp

A

-antihelmintics (macrocyclic lactones)
*resistance to benzimidazoles, pyrantel, levamisole

29
Q

Trichuris suis

A

-worldwide distribution
-large intestines of pigs
-does well indoors
-typical whipworm, lemon shaped egg
-L1 develops inside egg and is infective
-simple mucosal migration

30
Q

Pathogenesis T. suis

A
  1. Often asymptomatic
  2. Anorexia, poorweight gain, large bowel diarrhea
31
Q

Control of T. suis

A

Benzimidazoles, not macrocyclic lactones

Hygiene

**Zoonotic but natural transmission rare and doesnt usually fully develop in people

32
Q

Metastrongylus spp

A

-pig lungworm
-pasture transmitted
-causes verminous bronchopneumonia in young outdoor pigs

33
Q

Life cycle of Metastrongylus spp

A
  1. Pig passes larvated eggs in feces
  2. Earthworm IH eats eggs
  3. Translation from L1-L3 and pig eats L3 earthworm
34
Q

Taenia solium/ cysticercus cellulosae life cycle

A

-pork tapeworm
-people get it from ingesting undercooked meat (cysticerci), also can eat vegetables with eggs in environment
-eggs immediately infectibe and resistant
-human DH (or IH), Swine IH

35
Q

Distribution of Taenia solium

A

Not in Canada (CFIA reportable!)
-common in Latin America

36
Q

Clinical sign of Taenia solium

A

-Neurocysticercosis and epilepsy

37
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei suis

A

-transmit year round in housed pigs
-problem in Europe
-thick scabs and crusts, highly pruritic and major production losses

38
Q

Diagnosis of Sarcoptes scabiei suis

A

deep skin scraping

39
Q

Control of Sarcoptes scabiei suis

A

-2 doses of parenteral macrocyclic lactones
>give 2 weeks apart to all pigs

-decontamination of fomites

-causees transient infection in people

40
Q

Haematopinus suis

A

-sucking louse
-outbreaks in winter
-itchy bites leading to self excoriation and weight loss

41
Q

Haematopinus suis diagnosis

A

large and dark in colours, easily visible on pigs

42
Q

Haematopinus suis control

A

Topical organophosphates or single dose of macrocyclic lactones

Treat all animals on site

43
Q

Erystalis tenex

A

-hover fly
-rat tailed maggots
-in pig manure
-HARMLESS

44
Q

Pseudomyiasis

A

-often occurs
-maggots are not parasitic; from something the pig ate and were not digested and ended up surviving the GI tract

HARMLESS

45
Q

Coccidiosis

A
  1. Eimeria spp- harmless
  2. Cystoisospora suis
46
Q

Cystoisospora suis

A

Pathogenic in piglets under 2 wks (high morbidity and low mortality)
-yellow-gray pasty diarrhea; no blood
-loss of condition/dehydration

47
Q

Control of Cystoisospora suis

A

Treat week old piglets with toltrazuril (if you know you have an issue)

Hygiene

48
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

-Pigs are common IH; often acquired horizontally
>consume sporulated oocysts in feed and water from cat feces
>consume tissue cysts in undercooked meat or rodent s

-Pigs are common source of human infection

49
Q

Balantidium coli

A

-global distribution; common in pigs
-HARMLESS, incidental finding; can rarely cause ilcers and diarrhea

-large intestinal ciliated protozoan
-trophozoites in gut; cysts in feces

50
Q

Clinical signs of Balantidium coli in people

A

-diarrhea
-nausea
-vomiting
-anorexia

Parasitology #2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions