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Parasitology #2 > Lice, fleas, flys- cattle > Flashcards

Lice, fleas, flys- cattle Flashcards

1
Q

Chewing lice

A

-Damalinia bovis

-Damalinia ovis

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2
Q

Sucking lice

A

-Linognathus (reduced first pair of legs)

-Haematopinus (same length legs)

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3
Q

Lice life cycle

A
  1. Adults
  2. Nymphs
  3. Eggs

**all on hosts; off host survival is limited. Highly host specific

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4
Q

Lousy cows management

A

-Highly contagious (treat all the herd)

-common in winter

-clean fomites and environment

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5
Q

Pathogenesis for lousy cows

A

-often asymptomatic

Symptoms:
-pruritus
-hair loss
-anemia
-decreased appetite
-production loss

Appearance: nits on base of hair, ID of adult lice

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6
Q

Diagnosis of lice in cattle and sheep

A

-history and clinical appearance
-often asymptomatic
-

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7
Q

Treatment of lice

A

Pour on macrocyclic lactones
-reports of lack of efficacy in Western Canada
-better for sucking vs chewing lice

Pyrethroid pour ons for adults & Insect growth regulators (inhibit egg hatching)

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8
Q

Biting/feeding flies

A

-Simulium spp (black flies)

-Haematobia irritans (horn flies)

-Musca autumnalis (faceflies)

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9
Q

Biting/feeding fly characteristics

A

-feed on secretions or blood

-larva development in aquatic environments

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10
Q

Bot flies

A

Hypoderma bovis

H. Lineatum (warbles, cattle grubs)

Osstrus ovis (sheep nasal bot)

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11
Q

Bot fly characteristics

A

-obligate myasis flies

-invasion of living tissue is part of the life cycle

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12
Q

Keds and Myiasis flies

A

-important in sheep

-lay eggs in open wounds

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13
Q

Blood feeding biting flies

A

1.Simulium spp
-transmits Onchocerca

2.Haematobia irritans
-major pest for cattle; cluster on back and sides

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14
Q

Secretion feeding biting flies

A

Musca autumnalis
-important for the transmission of Moraxella (pink eye)

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15
Q

Simulium spp life cycle

A
  1. Adult female blood feeds on cattle
  2. Adults mate while flying
  3. Females lay eggs in fast flowing water
  4. Larvae hatch and attach to rocks/stones and vegetation
  5. Larvae pupate
  6. Pupae hatch to release adult flies which float to surface in an air bubble
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16
Q

ID of Simulium spp

A

-antenae
-palps
-proboscides

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17
Q

Pathogenesis of Simulium

A

-Bites by females; attacking in swarms. Lacerates tissues through salivary toxin= blood pool
-Allergic rxns, severe pruritus, anaphylaxis, death

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18
Q

Control of simulium

A

-Vectors for several pathogens (Onchocerca sp=river blindness)

-several insecticides approved in Canada for black fly control

-biological larvicides or their toxins

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19
Q

Life cycle for Haematobia irritans (horn fly) and musca autumnalis (face fly)

A
  1. Horn fly feed on blood; Face flies feed on ocular and nasal secretions
  2. Females lay eggs on feces
  3. 3 larval stages in feces
  4. larvae pupate in feces
  5. Adults emerge from pupal cocoons
20
Q

Haematobia irritans appearance

A

-arista
-piercing mouth parts
-long, club shaped palps

21
Q

Musca autumnalis appearance

A

-arista
-non-piercing sponge like mouth parts (labella)

22
Q

Pathogenesis/significance of biting/feeding flies

A
  • harassment
    -anemia
  • dermatitis/local infection
    -hypersensitivity (mainly horses, because they have a longer lifespan)
    -Pathogen transmission
23
Q

Mosquito pathogen transmission

A

IH for peritoneal nematode Setaria

24
Q

Black flies pathogen transmission

A

IH for nematode onchocerca

25
Q

Pathogen transmission for horn flies

A

IH for nematode Stephanofilaria (skin lesions in cattle)

26
Q

Pathogen transmission of face flies

A

-IH for eye nematode Thelazia

-mechanical vector for bacterial Moraxella bovis (pink eye)

27
Q

Pathogen transmission of midges

A

-Bluetongue- epizootic hemorrhagic disease (viruses)

28
Q

Blue tongue virus

A

-transmission by midges
-sporadic outbreaks in Okanagan Valley;Wind blowing from USA
-strains endemic in USA
**NOTIFIABLE IN CANADA

29
Q

Management of biting flies

A

-site selection for grazing vs. manure piles

-eliminate arthropod breeding sites such as water

-Larvicidal treatments of environment (chemical and biological)

30
Q

Treatment for biting/feeding flies

A
  1. topical repellents and insecticides= sprays, wipes, powders, ear tags, back rubbers
    *no off label pesticide use
  2. Pour on macrocyclic lactones inhibit face and horn fly larvae development for up to 6 wks
  3. Wound care! Prevents myiasis
    *think of de horning, castration at cooler times
31
Q

What do horn flies have resistance to?

A

-organophosphates and pyrethroids

32
Q

Life cycle of Cattle Warbles (Hypoderma spp)

A

**1 year

  1. Adults in environment (no feeding; just annoying)- late spring/summer
  2. Eggs laid on host hair in winter
  3. Larvae in winter in host, burrow in skin
  4. Larvae pop out and becomes pupae in spring
33
Q

Hypoderma bovis lifecycle

A

**1 yr

  1. Adults in summer
  2. Lay eggs on hair end of summer/fall (TREAT NOW BEFORE MIGRATION)
  3. 1 week of hatching/migration internally, L1 migrate through spinal cord and larvate to L3
  4. L3 migrate through skin in spring
  5. Pupae in the environment
34
Q

Why not treat cattle for Hypoderma bovis during winter?

A

Because larvae are in the spinal cord and killing them can result in immune response (stiffness, ataxia, muscular weakness, paralysis)

35
Q

Hypoderma lineatum life cycle

A

**1 yr

1.Adults lay eggs on host in summer
2. Fall- Larvae migrate through esophageal wall, develop from L1 to L3
3. L3 larvae pop out of skin in Spring, and go to environment. Become pupae
4. Become adults

36
Q

When is it best to treat Hypoderma lineatum?

A

In fall, prior to migration

**if killed during migration, will cause inflammation of esophageal wall, swelling, dysphagia, drooling, bloat

37
Q

Diagnosis of Hypoderma sp.

A
  • Detection of L3 on dorsum or at necropsy

-Can do serology in winter before hide damage

-legislated control programs and effective treatments have reduced their occurrence

38
Q

Treatment of hypoderma species

A

-Systemic treatment in Fall with Macrocyclic lactones

-If treating in winter, low dose of ivermectin slow kills L1 when in spinal cord or esophagus

39
Q

Oestrus ovis of sheep

A

Nasal Bots

  1. Adult lays larvae in sheep noses in Fall
    2.Larvae migrate in nasal chambers and sinuses in Winter
    -will cause discharge, sneezing, and partial blockage
  2. L3 sneezed out in spring
  3. Pupae in Environment
    5.Adults in summer
40
Q

Melophagus ovinus (keds) lifecycle

A

**4-5 weeks

1.Adults on host taking blood feed
2. Larviparous= larvae on host
3. Pupae on host

41
Q

Keds- Melophagus ovinus

A

Diptera
-wingless biting fly
-terminal claws
-hairy abdomen
-4-6mm

**not zoonotic

42
Q

Diagnosis of Melophagus ovinus

A

-Clinical signs: pruritus, bezoars (excessive grooming)
**appears like Psoroptic mange

-Direct inspection of fleece for adults and pupae

43
Q

Control of Keds- Melophagus ovinus

A

-pour on pyrethroids (pupae resistant)
-dipping, spraying
-shearing
-not zoonotic

44
Q

Obligate vs. facultative maggots and bots

A

Obligate: hosts for larval development need to be alive

Facultative: hosts for larval development can be live or dead and larvae can also develop in organic matter

45
Q

When does Myiasis (FLY STRIKE) most likely occur?

A

-Summer

-sheep can be severely affected

46
Q

Predisposing factors to myasis

A

-shearing in peak fly season
-poor wound management
-diarrhea from parasitic gastroenteritis

47
Q

Treatment of myasis

A

-wound debridement
-manual removal of maggots
-systemic macrocyclic lactones
-prophylaxy (early in season)
>insecticide dips, sprays
>shear before peak fly season

Parasitology #2 (12 decks)

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