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Italy > Piedmont > Flashcards

Piedmont Flashcards

1
Q

DOCG’s of Piedmont (17)

A

5 Nebbiolo DOCG’s
4 Monferatto Hills
3 D’s
2 whites, 2 sparks and brick (brachetto)

— Alta Langa DOCG
— Asti DOCG
— Barbaresco DOCG
— Barbera d'Asti DOCG
— Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG
— Barolo DOCG
— Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG
— Dogliani DOCG
— Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba DOCG
— Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG
— Erbaluce DOCG (Can also be sparkling)
— Gattinara DOCG
— Gavi DOCG (Can also be sparkling)
— Ghemme DOCG
— Nizza DOCG
— Roero DOCG
— Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG
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2
Q

What does Piedmont translate to?

A

“the foot of the mountain”

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3
Q

What mountain ranges cradle Piedmont?

A

Apennines and the Alps.

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4
Q

What river cuts through Piedmont?

A

Po River flows eastward from its headwaters in the Western Alps.

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5
Q

What are two major hills in Piedmont?

A

Monferrato and Langhe hills.

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6
Q

What type of soils are found in Piedmont?

A

Thinner, calcareous marl and sandstone soils with varying percentages of clay and sand.

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7
Q

What is the climate in Piedmont?

A

Continental climate and the Alps provide a “rain shadow” effect.

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8
Q

What is a major hazard in Piedmont?

A

Autumn hail

** Barbaresco producers of lore were fond of firing cannons into the skies, attempting to disperse threatening cloudbanks.

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9
Q

Where are four major provinces of Piedmont located?

A

—Cuneo is in the southwest
—Turin is north of Cuneo
—Asti; small province sandwiched between Cuneo (SW), Turin (NW), and Alessandria on the east.
—Alessandria is east of Asti

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10
Q

What is Sori?

A

Prized southern exposure in the Langhe and Monferrato hills.

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11
Q

What river is Barolo and Barbaresco located on?

A

The Tanaro River flows through Piedmont, dividing the Roero from the Langhe and providing a moderating influence.

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12
Q

What province is Barolo and Barbaresco located in?

A

Cuneo Province

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13
Q

What are the 11 Communes of Barolo?

A 
La Morra
Barolo
Serralunga d'Alba
Monforte d'Alba
Castiglione Falletto
Cherasco
Diano d'Alba
Grinzane Cavour
Novello
Roddi
Verduno
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14
Q

Two soil types in Barolo and which communes it is located in?

A

Tortonian soils (12-7 million years ago) on the western side, which contain a higher proportion of calcareous blue grey marl, characterize the vineyards of La Morra and Barolo and provide a softer style of wine. (i.e. finer more graceful wines Musigny, Volnay, Margaux)

Serravallian (14-11 million years ago; grouped with Langhien known as Helvetian) on the eastern side with less fertile limestone and compacted sandstone soils are more common in Monforte d’Alba and Serralunga d’Alba and supply more structure in the wine. (i.e Paulliac, St-Esteph, Corton)

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15
Q

What is the soil type in Barbaresco?

A

Tortonian calcerous marl.

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16
Q

When did domaine and estate bottling begin in Piedmont?

A

1960’s, leading to an unofficial yet critical determination of the single vineyards of Barolo and Barbaresco.

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17
Q

What years did Barolo and Barbaresco gain crus?

A

2007 for Barbaresco

2010 for Barolo

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18
Q

Barolo and Barbaresco

Min Alcohol?
Aging Requirements? Wood?

Permitted Vineyard Elevation/Orientation?

A
  • Barbaresco: 12.5%
  • Barolo: 13% (12.5% potential at harvest)

Barbaresco: Minimum 26 months from November 1 of the harvest year (minimum 9 months in wood), may be released after January 1 of the third year following the harvest
Barbaresco Riserva: Minimum 50 months from November 1 of the harvest year (minimum 9 months in wood), may be released after January 1 of the fifth year following the harvest

Barolo: 38 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including 18 months in wood.
Barolo Riserva: 62 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including 18 months in wood.

—Max 550 meters for Barberesco and 170-540 meters for Barolo; vineyards with complete northern exposures are prohibited.

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19
Q

What is Barolo Chinato and what is it flavored with?

A

DOCG aromatized wine that is flavored with quinine.

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20
Q

How do the wines of Roero DOCG compare to Barolo or Barbaresco?

A

The sandy soils of Roero, north of the commune of Alba, provide a lighter style of Nebbiolo than Barolo or Barbaresco, and many producers here are experimenting with modern approaches

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21
Q

What are the three Nebbiolo based DOCG’s north of the Tanaro river?

A

Roero- Sandy soils provide lighter style of Nebbiolo

Gattinara
Ghemme
***both also north of the Po river

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22
Q

What river does Gattinara and Ghemme straddle?

A

Sesia River

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23
Q

Name three DOC’s for Nebbiolo in Piedmont?

A

Lessona and Sizzano DOC near Ghemme produces lighter and acid focused Nebbiolo.

The more isolated Carema near border of the Valle d’Aosta produces fragrant Nebbiolo, especially in warmer vintages

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24
Q

What are the three DOCG’s for the Barbera grape?

Encepagement?
Aging requirements?

A

—Barbera d’Asti:
-90-100% Barbera, combined maximum 10% of Freisa, Grignolino and Dolcetto
may be released as normale after a short 4 month from November 1 of the harvest year.
—Barbera del Monferrato Superiore:
-min 85% Barbera max 15% combined Freisa, Grignolino, Dolcetto)
-must be superiore (13% abv) and spends 14 months aging prior to release, including six months in oak.
—Nizza:
-100% Barbera
-18 months, including at least 6 months in oak.

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25
Q

What are the four DOCG’s of the Monferrato hills?

A

—Barbera d’Asti (2008)
—Barbera del Monferrato Superiore (2008)
—Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato (2010)
—Nizza (2014)

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26
Q

Barbera d’Asti DOCG

Denominazione?

Min Alcohol for each?

Soils?

Subzones?

A

Normale
Superiore
Superiore with subzone indication

  • Barbera d’Asti: 12%
  • Barbera d’Asti Superiore: 12.5%
  • Barbera d’Asti Superiore con indicazione della sottozona: 13%

—clay, silt, sand and limestone

—Tinella and Colli Astiani (Astiano)

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27
Q

What are the subzones of Barbera d’Asti DOCG?

Min alcohol?

Aging requirements?

A

Barbera d’Asti Superiore Tinella

Barbera d’Asti Superiore Colli Astiani (Astiano)

  • min alcohol for both 13%
  • both 24 months from October 1 of the harvest year, including at least 6 months in wood and 6 months in bottle
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28
Q

Name two appellations in Piedmont that must be Superiore to qualify as DOCG in Piedmont?

A

Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG

Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG

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29
Q 
Nizza DOCG
Denominazione?
Min Alcohol?
Aging?
Harvest Method?
What was Nizza formerly?
A

Rosso
Rosso with indication of Vigna
—Rosso: 13%
—Rosso with indication of “Vigna”: 13.5%
—Rosso and Rosso with indication of “Vigna”:
Minimum 18 months, including at least 6 months in oak, from January 1 of the year after harvest.
—Rosso Riserva and Riserva with indication of “Vigna”:
Minimum 30 months, including at least 12 months in oak, from January 1 of the year after harvest.
—Manual harvesting is required
—formerly a subzone of Barbera d’Asti DOCG

30
Q

What are the three DOCGs produced from 100% Dolcetto?

A

—Dogliani
—Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore
—Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba

31
Q

Which Dolcetto appellation has menzione geografiche aggiuntive?

A

Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba has 77 sori classifed as superior exposures

32
Q

DOCGs of Dolcetto requirements:

aging for superiore styles?

Soils?

Provinces?

A

-All Superiore styles share 1 year from harvest (Sept 1 for Diano d’Alba; Nov 1 for other two)

—Ovada has longest aging requirements with Superiore “Vigna” at 20 months from Nov 1 of harvest year and Superiore Riserva: min 24 months.

—all share clay/limestone combo; Ovada has some tufa as well.

—Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba moves from 11.5%-12%-12.5% alcohol depending on style. Dogliani is 12% and 13%. Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore is 12.5% and 13%

—Dolcetto di Ovada is in Alessandria
—Dogliani and Diano d’Alba are in Cuneo

33
Q

What are the two still white wine only appellations in Piedmont?

A

Gavi DOCG

Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG

34
Q

Which producer made Dogliani famous?

A

Luigi Einaudi

—Elected as the second President of the Italian Republic in 1948.

35
Q

Where is Gavi DOCG located?

A

The extreme southern portion of Alessandria province and shares its western border with Ovada.

36
Q 
Style of Gavi DOCG
Varieties?
Denominzaione
Min Alcohol?
Aging?
A

100% Cortese

Bianco:
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi (Tranquillo)
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi Riserva
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi Frizzante
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi Spumante
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi Spumante Metodo Classico Riserva

Gavi: 10.5%
Gavi Riserva: 11%

—Tranquillo wines may display only “slight traces” of wood flavors
—Gavi Riserva must be aged a min. 1 year (including 6 months on the lees) from October 15th of the year of harvest
—Spumante Metodo Classico must be aged for a min. 2 years (including at least 18 months on the lees) from October 15 of the year of harvest

37
Q

Which DOCG is the largest producer of wine in all of Italy?

Style?
Min Alcohol?
Aging?

A

Asti/Moscato d’Asti DOCG

Asti/Asti Spumante
Asti/Asti Spumante “Metodo Classico”
Moscato d’Asti
Moscato d’Asti “Vendemmia Tardiva”

Min alcohol:
Asti: 11.5% minimum (6%-9.5% acquired)
Asti “Metodo Classico”: 12% (6%-8% acquired)
Moscato d’Asti: 11% (4.5%-6.5% acquired)
Moscato d’Asti “Vendemmia Tardiva”: 14% (11% acquired)

Method and Pressure:

  • Asti “Metodo Classico” secondary fermentation in bottle
  • Asti undergoes secondary fermentation in autoclaves (Charmat/Martinotti Method)
  • Moscato d’Asti: max 2 bars (not subject to a secondary fermentation)

Aging Requirements:

  • Asti “Metodo Classico”: Min. 9 months on the lees
  • The process of secondary fermentation for Asti may not last less than a month
  • Moscato d’Asti “Vendemmia Tardiva” must be aged for at least one year from the date of harvest
38
Q

Differences between Asti DOCG and Moscato d’Asti DOCG?

A

Asti-Fully Sparkling (spumante)
11.5% minimum
has a “metodo classico” style

Moscato d’Asti- Slightly sparkling (frizzante)
11% minimum
has a “vendemmia tardiva” style

39
Q

What are the three subzones of Asti DOCG?

A

Canelli
Strevi
Santa Vittoria d’Alba

40
Q

What does Dolcetto translate into?

Flavor profile?

A

“little sweet one”

—show sweet black fruit in a typical rustic frame, although denser and more polished interpretations are available.

41
Q

What DOCG is responsible for serious traditional method sparkling wine?

Styles?
Min alcohol?
Aging?

A

Alta Langa DOCG
-Spumante and Spumante Rosato (as well as Riserva for both) based on min 90% combined Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grapes.

-11.5%

  • Spumante: total production must not be less than 30 months (36 for Riserva)
  • *All Alta Langa wines must be vintage-dated.
42
Q

Name two notable Alta Langa DOCG producers.

A

Fontanafredda

Enrico Serafino

43
Q

Alta Langa DOCG
Cepage?
Aging requirements?

A

Min. 90% combined Pinot Noir and/or Chardonnay

Spumante: 30 months min on lees
Spumante Riserva: 36 months

All Alta Langa wines must be vintage dated.

44
Q

Name styles of Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG

A

Bianco
Spumante (traditional method)
Passito

45
Q

What three crus are shared Barolo and La Morra?

A

Brunate
Cerequio
Fossati

46
Q

Name the 11 communes of Barolo.

A

5 mains communes and then—Diane Lane, Gwen Verdon, Rod Stewart eat cherries and grinning in a cave while reading novels

—Entirely included in DOCG: Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba
—Partially included in DOCG: Monforte d’Alba, La Morra, Diano d’Alba, Novello, Verduno, Grinzane Cavour, Cherasco, Roddi

47
Q

What three grapes are added to Alto Piemonte Nebbiolo and what do each add to the blend?

A

Vespolina- provides color, fruit, and a touch of floral and white pepper notes.
Croatina- Gives color, fruit, and tannin, although it can be rustic, bloody, and salty.
Uva Rara (sometimes referred to as Bonarda di Novarese, or simply Bonarda)- Brings softness and aromatics but must be handled carefully due to its propensity for bitterness.

48
Q

What is the style of wine found in Gattinara? When was DOC/DOCG status established?

A

Nebbiolo must comprise a minimum of 90% of the wine, with up to 10% Uva Rara and no more than 4% Vespolina.

-Gattinara’s slightly warmer climate leads to riper red fruits, polished tannins and overall bigger wines blessed with fresh acidity that garner comparison to Barolo.

DOC status in 1967 and DOCG status in 1990.

49
Q

What are the soils of Gattinara?

A

Iron rich and volcanic, mixed with sedimentary rock and granite.

50
Q

Who are the two main producers of Gattinara?

A

Antoniolo-first to bottle cru wines within the DOCG

Travaglini-Known for their recognizable bottle shape, which serves both form and function: decorative on the table while catching sediment when wine is poured.

51
Q

What are the three vineyard selections of Antoniolo?

A

Osso San Grato, San Francesco, and Castelle

52
Q

Where is Ghemme in relationship to Gattinara?

A

Ghemme is on the east side of the Sesia River and Gattinara is situated on the west side of the Sesia River.

53
Q

What is the style of Ghemme DOCG wines?
Aging?

When was the DOCG established?

A

Red wines based on 85% Nebbiolo with the remainder a balance of Vespolina and/or Uva Rara.

—Normale: Min 34 months (18 in wood, 6 months in bottle) from Nov 1 harvest year
—Riserva: Min 46 months (24 in wood, 6 months in bottle) from Nov 1 harvest year

54
Q

Key producers of Ghemme?

A

Ioppa- big producer of Nebbiolo rose.

Antichi Vigneti di Cantalupo-leading producer in Ghemme.

Rovellotti

55
Q

Style and key Producers of Lessona

A

Nebbiolo with 15% max Vespolina and/or Uva Rara.

Tenuta Sella

Proprieta Sperino-Paolo di Marchi of Isole e Olena fame, returned to family property.

56
Q

Bramaterra style and key producers

A

Nebbiolo 50-80%, max 30% Croatina and max 20% Uva Rara and/or Vespolina.

Colombera and Garella
Le Pianelle

57
Q

What is Maggiorina training?

A

Maggiorina trianing system is where three vines are grouped together to form a goblet. The producer Le Piane in Boca uses this system.

58
Q

What is the capital of Piedmont?

A

Turin

59
Q

What are the three major rivers of Piemonte?

A

Tanaro, Stura di Demonte, and Po

60
Q

Name a Piedmont appellation where both bianco and rosso qualify for DOCG indication?

A

Roero DOCG-
Bianco/Spumante -Min 95% Arneis

Rosso-min 95% Nebbiolo

61
Q

What are the four communes of production for Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco, Neive, Treiso, San Rocco Senodelvio (part of Alba)

62
Q

What is the northernmost DOC of Piedmonte? What styles are permitted in the DOC? Soils and producers?

A

Boca DOC

70-90% Nebbiolo with 10-30% Uva Rara and/or Vespolina

Soils-largely uniform across 5 villages: volcanic, morainic, and alluvial with occasional threads of limestone.

Le Piane-1 of the few producers to still have vines trained on a traditional Maggiorina training system, where three vines are grouped together to form a goblet.

Podere ai Valloni- oldest winery in Boca; helped establish the DOC

63
Q

Who established Cabernet Sauvignon in Piedmont and with what vineyard?

A

Angelo Gaja and Darmagi vineyard

64
Q

What are the key vineyards of Monforte d’ Alba (10)

A

Bussia (Cicala, Colonnello, and Dardi are all within Bussia; Rocche is also within Bussia, but a natural extension of the Rocche de Castiglione Falleto)

Ginestra
Mosconi
Munie
Romirasco
Santo Stefano
65
Q

Name 7 poor Piedmont vintages listing back to 1980?

A

2002, 1994, 1992, 1991, 1983, 1981, 1980

66
Q

What is a Futura?

A

Slender 500ml bottle of Moscato di Scanzo is often bottled in. Looks like an ice wine bottle.

67
Q

What are the subzones for Asti DOCG?

A

Canelli, Strevi, Santa Vittoria d’Alba

68
Q

Name 3 monopoles of Barolo.

Name 1 monopole of Barbaresco.

A

—Giacosa - Falletto (noted for its higher altitude vineyards exceeding 400 meters, and is the source of Le Rocche del Falletto Riserva)
—Giuseppe Mascarello - Monprivato the “Musginy of Barolo” (historical disputes over the vineyard’s boundaries; may not be considered a monopole.)
—Conterno - Francia (produces Cascina Francia, Barolo Riserva Monfortino, and Barbera from this site)
***Arione-It was entirely owned by Gigi Rosso who sold it to Giacomo Conterno in 2015; it is not a monopole as Enzo Boglietti still owns a small strip of the vineyard near the top.

—Marchesi di Gresy-Martinenga in Barbaresco

69
Q

What is the grape Nebbiolo named after?

A

La Nebbia or the morning fog (which prolongs the grape’s ripening process in the fall)

70
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Piedmont?

Name 4 other white grapes of Piedmont

A

Moscato Bianco (Muscat à Petits Grains)

  • generally funneled into the production of sparkling wines of Asti.
  • Cortese, Arneis, Erbaluce, Favorita (Vermentino)
71
Q

Name three clones of Nebbiolo found in Piedmont

A

Michet, Lampià, Bolla

Nebbiolo Rosé long considered a clone, is now known to be a separate variety.

72
Q

Pul the following grapes in order of their ripening schedule from earliest to latest.

A

—Barbera (mid ripening)
—Dolcetto (late ripening)
—Nebbiolo (latest ripening; 2 weeks after Barbera and 4 weeks after Dolcetto)

Italy (23 decks)

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