Picornaviridae Flashcards

0
Q

Picornaviridae are primarily where?

A

Respiratary and gastrointestinal (enteroviruses) viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the characteristics of the Picornaviridae virus?

A

Small(pico=small), sperical, naked, +RNA virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 classes of Piconaviridae virus?

A

Enterovirus and respiratory virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 types of enteroviruses?

A

1-Poliomyelitis
2-Coxsackie virus
3-Echovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 types of respiratory viruses?

A

1-Rhinovirus

2-Coronavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are enteroviruses transmitted?

A

via the fecal-oral route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When the enteroviruses are ingested what do they infect?

A

the oro-pharyngeal mucosa and lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do most patients react once infected with the enterovirus?

A

they remain asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the asymptomatic pattern of Poliomyelitis?

A

Most common, up to 90% of infections. Occurs when the replication of the virus is restricted to the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is there to know about Abortive poliomyelitis?

A

Occurs in about 5% of infected individuals
First symptomatic result or polio infection is fever and occurs in the first weeks of infection
Patient may exhibit a general malaise which may be accompanied by vomiting, a headache and a sore through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is there to know about Non-paralytic poliomyelitis?(aseptic meninges)

A

Patient experiences stiff neck and vomiting, virus has now progressed to the brain and infected the meninges. Spontaneous recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is there to know about Paralytic poliomyelitis?

A

About 4 days after the end of the first minor symptoms, the virus spreads from the blood to the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and the the motor cortex of the brain. The degree of paralysis depends on which neurons are affected and the amount of damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is there to know about postpolio syndrome?

A

This afflicts victims of an earlier poliovirus infection but the virus is no longer present, involves firther loss of function in affected muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the name of the vaccine for polio?

A

Salk Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Salk vaccine?

A

Formalin-killed preparation of normal wild type polio virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the Salk vaccine work?

A

Elicits good humoral (IgG) immunity and prevents transport of the virus to the neurons where it would otherwise cause paralytic polio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the name of the other vaccine for Polio?

A

Sabin Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of vaccine is the Sabin vaccine?

A

Live viral vaccine

18
Q

How is the Sabin vaccine given and how does it work?

A

It is given orally. Grows in the human gut where the wild type virus grows. It can’t migrate to the neurons through. Replicates a normal infection since the virus actually grows in the vaccinee and it elicits both a humoral and cell-mediated immunity

19
Q

Picornavirus, enterovirus, what is the second type after Poliomyelitis?

A

Coxsackie virus

20
Q

What is caused by the Coxsackie virus and what are the types?

A

There are many infections caused y Coxsackie viruses, most of which are never diagnosed precisely. 2 types are Type A and Type B

21
Q

What is Coxsackie virus type A usually associated with?

22
Q

What can coxsackie virus type A cause?

A

Herpangina
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Aseptic meningitis-enteroviruses are the major cause of viral meningitis

23
Q

What can Coxsackie virus type B cause?

A

Localized internal lesions
also can cause meningitis, rashes and fever like type A
Pluerodynia-the devils grip
Myocarditis and pericarditis

24
How is coxsackie virus transmitted?
Fecal oral route similar to polio virus transmission
25
Picornavirus, enterovirus type 3 is?
Echovirus
26
What is echovirus?
enteric cytopathic human orphan virus
27
What diseases does echovirus cause?
Asceptic meningitis, respiratory infection, gastroenteritis, skin rashes, and fever
28
The second type of picornavirus is? After enterovirus...
Respiratory viruses
29
What are the 2 types of respiratory viruses?
1) Rhinovirus | 2) Coronavirus
30
1/3 of household colds are caused by this virus?
Rhinovirus
31
How many derotypes of rhinovirus are therre and why does this pose a problem?
There are 100 serotypes explaining why vaccines against rhinoviruses have proved difficult to develop
32
How are rhinoviruses spread?
Spread by aerolsols and infect the upper respiratory tract. Also spread by fomites and other forms of direct contact
33
What are the symptoms of rhinovirus infection?
Discharge or blocked nasal passages often accompanied by sneezes, and perhaps a sore throat
34
What antibodies are developed in response to a rhinovirus infection?
IgA in nasal secretions and IgG in the bloodstream
35
Do rhinoviruses enter the blood stream?
No so the mucosal IgA response is the most important
36
How long does one have immunity to a particular serotype of rhinovirus?
1 to 2 years but there are many serotypes against which protection is not gained
37
Describe the structure of a coronavirus
Enveloped viruses with a +ss RNA genome similar to rhinovirus
38
What do coronaviruses cause?
a significant percentage of all common colds in humans
39
What is SARS?
atypical pneumonia caused by a coronavirus
40
How is SARS transmitted?
Close person to person contact. Transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes
41
What is the best way to prevent the spreading of SARS?
Interrupt the infection chain by washing hands
42
How does SARS start and how does it develop?
Most people have mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. After 2-7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough. Most patients develop pneumonia