Arboviruses

Question 0

What are the two families of Arboviruses?

Answer 0

Family Togaviridae and Family Flaviviridae

Question 1

Arboviruses=

Answer 1

Arthropod Borne

Question 2

Describe the structure of a family togaviridae virus

Answer 2

Enveloped, icosahedral capsid symmetry, ssRNA genome

Question 3

Family Togaviridae contains which virus?

Answer 3

Equine encephalitis viruses

Question 4

What is the reservoir of infection for equine encephalitis viruses?

Answer 4

Birds, small mammals, and horses

Question 5

How are equine encephalitis viruses transmitted?

Answer 5

Via Aedes and Culex mosquitos

Question 6

Are humans a good host for equine encephalitis viruses?

Answer 6

No, because they are a dead end host

Question 7

What are the symptoms of equine encephalitis viruses? and who can have more serious symptoms?

Answer 7

Many cases result in flu like symptoms but children are more likely to have severe clinical symptoms than adults

Question 8

Can the Equine encephalitis virus cause death?

Answer 8

Death results frequently when there is clinical disease

Question 9

Family Flaviviridae has which 4 viruses/(fevers)?

Answer 9

West nile virus
Yellow fever
Dengue fever
Dengue Hemorrhagic fever

Question 10

What are the symptoms of 75% of people who beocme infected with West Nile Virus?

Answer 10

They show no symptoms and mount a successful immune attack against the virus

Question 11

What happens to 20% of people who decome infected with West Nile Fever?

Answer 11

They have symptoms such as fever, headache, and body aches, nausea, vomiting

Question 12

What happens to 1 in 150 people who become infected with West Nile virus?

Answer 12

They develop severe meningoencephalitis

Question 13

What is the natural reservoir for West Nile virus?

Answer 13

Birds

Question 14

How is West Nile virus transmitted?

Answer 14

By mosquitoes

Question 15

Where does Yellow fever occur?

Answer 15

Africa and South America

Question 16

How is Yellow Fever transmitted?

Answer 16

Aedes aegypti mosquito

Question 17

In some cases there is involvement of which internal organs with a Yellow fever infection?

Answer 17

Liver, kidneys, and the heart

Question 18

Describe the progression of Yellow Fever in terms of symptoms

Answer 18

• Hemorrhage from the digestive tract, later the disease is sometimes complicated by jaundice with liver failure and/or renal insufficiency
• Then delirium, seizures, and coma ensure
• Mortality is around 5%, historically it has been much higher

Question 19

What did Walter Reed do in regards to Yellow Fever?

Answer 19

He proved the theory, first set forth by Dr. Carlos in 1881, that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes rather than direct contact

Question 20

What is the treatment for Yellow fever?

Answer 20

None

Question 21

How is Yellow Fever controlled?

Answer 21

Eradicate(control) mosquito population

Live attenuated vaccine- a single dose confers immunity lasting 10yrs or more

Question 22

What is Dengue fever caused by?

Answer 22

4 different arboviruses

Question 23

How is dengue fever transmitted?

Answer 23

By the bite of the Aedes aegypti(yellow fever mosquito)

Question 24

What does a person with Dengue fever under go?

Answer 24

The fever is generally self limited and although uncomfortable is not fatal

Question 25

How does Dengue Hemorrhagic fever occur?

Answer 25

When someone with immunity to one type of Dengue virus is infected by a different type

Question 26

Dengue Hemorrhagic fever serious?

Answer 26

Yes, it is a severe potentially fatal infection