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Clinical Micro Final > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 5 types of hepatitis virus all very resistant to? (3)

A

low pH, organic solvents, and detergents

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1
Q

What is hepatitis? How many types are there?

A

Disease of the liver and there are 5 types

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2
Q

What type of virus is hepatitis A?

A

Picornavirus

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3
Q

What is the composition of the picornavirus?

A

ss+RNA genome, naked(un-enveloped) icosahedral capsid

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4
Q

What does hepatitis A cause?

A

infectious hepatitis

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5
Q

Which hepatitis accounts for about 40-50% of all cases?

A

Hepatitis A

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6
Q

How many serotypes for Hepatitis A are there?

A

Only one HAV serotype worldwide and humans are the reservoir

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7
Q

Which demographic is Hepatitis A common in?

A

Children

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8
Q

How does hepatitis A enter the body?

A

Enters the blood via the lining of the intestinal tract and then migrates to the liver

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9
Q

How long is the prodrome for Hepatitis A?

A

The incubation period is 15-40 days

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10
Q

With hepatitis A how long after prodrome until symptoms set in?

A

Suddenly

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11
Q

What causes the symptoms of Hepatitis A?

A

Symptoms are not caused by the presence on HAV in the liver but by the immunological response of the host to its presence

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12
Q

What are the symptoms produced in a Hepatitis A infection?

A

Fever, headache, vomiting, jaundice, pain in the abdomen due to liver inflammation

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13
Q

How long does it take to recover from Hepatitis A?

A

99% of patients make a complete recovery within 8-12 weeks without complications

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14
Q

How is hepatitis A controlled?

A

1-Proper sanitation
2-Chlorination of water
3-Before present vaccine, passive immunity was obtained using immune gamma globulin
4-Very effective vaccines used in the United States are killed(formalin) virus preparations recommended for those at high risk for exposure only (MSM, travelers, IV drug users)

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15
Q

Hepatitis B is what type of virus?

A

hepadnavirus- DNA virus and is enveloped

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16
Q

Hepatitis B causes what?

A

Serum hepatitis

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17
Q

HBV virions are also known as?

A

Dane particles

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18
Q

How many subtypes of HBV are there?

A

8

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19
Q

What is unusual about the replication process of the HBV virus?

A

contains partial dsDNA genome which must be replicated

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20
Q

Describe the replication process for HBV?

A

HBV enters the body via blood
Viral DNA forms complete ds circle
mRNA in capsid produces DNA using reverse transcriptase
RNA is degraded leaving partial ds DNA

21
Q

How is HBV spread?

A

contact with bodily fluids, injection of blood, neonate infection during the birthing process

22
Q

How long is the incubation period for HBV?

A

50-180 days

23
Q

What are the symptoms for HBV?

A

jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and joint pain

24
Q

What is the fatality rate for HBV?

A

2%

25
Q

Whatare the effects of the cell mediated immune response to HBV?

A

If cell mediated response is strong, disease is self limiting.
If weak chronic hepatitis ensues(leads to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma or liver failure)

26
Q

How to control/prevent HBV?

A

Avoid contact with blood or blood products(universal precautions), Active immunization(subunit vaccines made in yeast), Passive immunization(HBV immune globulin)

27
Q

What are the characteristics of the HCV virus?

A

Flavivirus- enveloped, icosahedral, +ssRNA cirus

28
Q

What does HCV cause?

A

non-A, non-B hepatitis

29
Q

What are the known reservoirs for HCV?

A

humans and chimpanzees

30
Q

Is a major cause of post transfusion hepatitis. Which hepatitis is it?

A

HCV

31
Q

How many HCV carriers are there world wide?

A

200 million

32
Q

How is HCV transmitted?

A

Via contact with bodily fluids(IV drug use, sexual contact)

33
Q

Which genders is HCV transmission most efficient?

A

Male to a female is more efficient thn male to male

34
Q

How does HCV enter the body?

A

Enters blood stream and infects hepatocytes

35
Q

What does the HCV virus do once it has infected a cell?

A

It does not kill the cell, sets u a persistent infection leading to chronic disease

36
Q

How long is the prodrome phase for HCV and what are the symptoms after?

A

6-7 weeks and the symptoms are jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, and dark urine

37
Q

in 15-20% of patients how long does the infection last?

A

virus is cleared ending the infection in 4-6 months

38
Q

In the majority of people how long does the HCV infection last?

A

there is a persistent infection that may last for many years leading to chronic active hepatitis

39
Q

What are the two drugs used to treat HCV

A

Ribavirin and interferon

40
Q

Can you treat HCV with Ribivirin alone?

A

No has very little effect unless paired with interferon. It enhances interferon

41
Q

With the 2 drug treatment for HCV what percentage of patients can be cleared?

A

70%

42
Q

HDV piggybacks of of which other form of Hepatitis?

A

HBV

43
Q

Why does HDV need the HBV virus as a helper?

A

because it cannot code for its own surface protein and thus in order to produce more virus particles, it needs a helper virus

44
Q

Who most commonly has HDV and how is it also transmitted?

A

Mostly seen in intravenous drug users and also spread through sexual intercourse

45
Q

How is HDV acquired?

A

HDV is either acquired along with HBV(co-infection) or as a super-infection of an already HBV-infected individual

46
Q

Describe the shape and features of the HEV virus?

A

small, round, icosahedral, +ss RNA naked virus

47
Q

How is HEV transmitted?

A

Enteric non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route

48
Q

In contrast to HAV how is HEV not transmitted?

A

not usually transmitted directly from one patient to another

49
Q

How long is the incubation period for HEV?

A

16-60 days

50
Q

What are the symptoms for HEV?

A

Typical hepatitis symptoms- jaundice, malaise, abdominal pain, nausea etc.

51
Q

Describe chronic HEV infections

A

No evidence for chronic HEV infections

Clinical Micro Final (8 decks)

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