Physioloy

Question 1

Tight junction (_____ occludens): prevents paracellular movement of solutes; composed of ______ and ________.

Answer 1

Tight junction (zonula occludens): prevents paracellular
movement of solutes; composed of claudins and occludins.

Question 2

Adherens junction (zonula \_\_\_\_\_):  \_\_\_\_\_ tight junction, forms “\_\_\_” connecting \_\_\_ cytoskeletons of adjacent cells with \_\_\_herins (\_\_2+-dependent adhesion proteins). 
\_\_\_\_ of _-cadherin promotes \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 2

Adherens junction (zonula adherens): below tight junction, forms “belt” connecting actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells with CADherins (Ca2+-dependent adhesion proteins). 
Loss of E-cadherin promotes metastasis.

Question 3

De______ (______ adherens): structural support via _______ interactions. ‘
____antibodies → ______ __lgaris.

Answer 3

Desmosome (macula adherens): structural support via keratin interactions. ‘
Autoantibodies → pemphigus vulgaris.

Question 4

____desmosome: connects k_____ in ____ cells to
_____lying basement membrane. _______ → ______ pe______.
(Hemidesmosomes are _____ “bullow”).

Answer 4

Hemidesmosome: connects keratin in basal cells to
underlying basement membrane. Autoantibodies → bullous pemphigoid.
(Hemidesmosomes are down “bullow”).

Question 5

The corneal reflex, also known as the ____ reflex, is an __voluntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by _______ of the cornea (such as by _____ or by a _____ body), or ______ light, though could result from ___ peripheral stimulus.

Answer 5

The corneal reflex, also known as the blink reflex, is an involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by stimulation of the cornea (such as by touching or by a foreign body), or bright light, though could result from any peripheral stimulus.

Question 6

corneal reflex, particularly when evaluating coma. Damage to the ________ branch (V_) of the _th cranial nerve results in ____ corneal reflex when the ______ eye is stimulated.
Stimulation of ____ cornea normally has a ______ response, with both eyelids normally closing.

Answer 6

corneal reflex, particularly when evaluating coma. Damage to the ophthalmic branch (V1) of the 5th cranial nerve results in absent corneal reflex when the affected eye is stimulated.
Stimulation of one cornea normally has a consensual response, with both eyelids normally closing.

Question 7

Afferenter Schenkel: Aufnahme des Lichtreizes im Auge und Weiterleitung über den Nervus _____ in die Area _________
Efferenter Schenkel: vom ___sympathischen ______-West___-Kern, Vermittlung der Innervation der ___muskulatur
Innervation
Parasympathikus → Motorische Innervation des M. ______ pupillae
Sympathikus → Motorische Innervation des M. _______ pupillae

Answer 7

Afferenter Schenkel: Aufnahme des Lichtreizes im Auge und Weiterleitung über den Nervus opticus in die Area praetectalis
Efferenter Schenkel: vom zum parasympathischen Edinger-Westphal-Kern, Vermittlung der Innervation der Irismuskulatur
Innervation
Parasympathikus → Motorische Innervation des M. sphincter pupillae
Sympathikus → Motorische Innervation des M. dilatator pupillae

Question 8

Isolierte __seitige Störung des _fferenten Schenkels (z.B.durch Ausfall des Nervus ______) → Pupillen _____, ______ Pupillen_______ mehr.
_______ einseitige Störung des _______ Schenkels (z.B. bei _____) → Pupillen ______ durch konsensuelle / _______ Lichtreaktion

Answer 8

Isolierte einseitige Störung des efferenten Schenkels (z.B.durch Ausfall des Nervus oculomotorius) → Pupillen anisokor, keine Pupillenverengung mehr.
Isolierte einseitige Störung des afferenten Schenkels (z.B. bei Blindheit) → Pupillen isokor durch konsensuelle / indirekte Lichtreaktion