GI

Question 1

Patient with symptoms of Thrmbo-phlebitis, multiple episodes, what should i look for ?

Answer 1

Pancreatic (adeno)carcinoma

Migratory thrombophlebitis—redness and tenderness on palpation of extremities (Trousseau syndrome)

Question 2

Pancreatic _____ carcinoma

Prognosis averages ___ year; _____ aggressive tumor arising from pancreatic ____ (disorganized glandular structure with cellular infiltration A); already _______ at presentation; tumors more common in pancreatic ____ B (Ž obstructive jaundice). Associated with CA-______ tumor marker (also ____, less specific). ??

Answer 2

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Prognosis averages 1 year; very aggressive tumor arising from pancreatic ducts (disorganized glandular structure with cellular infiltration A); already metastasized at presentation; tumors more common in pancreatic head B (Ž obstructive jaundice). Associated with CA-19-9 tumor marker (also CEA, less specific).

Question 3

Thrombophlebitis VS. Phlebothrombose ??

Answer 3

Thrombophlebitis = akute Thrombose und Entzundung von oberflachlichen venen.

Bei einer Thrombose der tiefen Venen dann Phlebothrombose

Question 4

________ ______carcinoma

Often presents with:
ƒ Abdominal pain ________ to _____
ƒ Weight ______ (due to malabsorption and anorexia)
ƒ Migratory thrombo______ :redness and tenderness on palpation of extremities (T________ syndrome)
ƒ Obstructive jaundice with palpable, nontender gallbladder (Co____isier sign)

Answer 4

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Often presents with:
ƒ Abdominal pain radiating to back
ƒ Weight loss (due to malabsorption and anorexia)
ƒ Migratory thrombophlebitis—redness and tenderness on palpation of extremities (Trousseau syndrome)
ƒ Obstructive jaundice with palpable, nontender gallbladder (Courvoisier sign)

Question 5

Make a toAST with alcohol: is ?

Answer 5

Make a toAST with alcohol:
AST > ALT (ratio usually > 1.5).

Alcoholic liver disease
Hepatic steatosis, Alcoholic hepatitis, Alcoholic cirrhosis

Question 6

The ______ pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the ______ genitalia.

Answer 6

The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia.

Question 7

Artery of _____ of penis (art. Penis ______) ipad bilder

Die Arteria penis profunda ist ein Endast der ________________.
Die Arteria penis profunda versorgt das Corpus _______ mit arteriellem Blut und spielt damit eine wichtige Rolle für eine erfolgreiche _____.
- corpus spongisum hilft der urethra drosselung

Answer 7

Artery of bulb of penis (art. Penis profunda)

Die Arteria penis profunda ist ein Endast der Arteria pudenda interna.
Die Arteria penis profunda versorgt das Corpus cavernosum mit arteriellem Blut und spielt damit eine wichtige Rolle für eine erfolgreiche Erektion.

Question 8

Increase expression of DNA by ?

Answer 8

Increasing Histone Acetylator ( und natr. By decreasing Histone deacetylator)

Question 9

Low serum ceruloplasmin cause which disease?

Answer 9

Low serum ceruloplasmin cause Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

Question 10

Ceruloplasmin is high \ low in ?



Answer 10

Ceruloplasmin is

 low in Wilson disease

Question 11

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
 Charc. by ?  

“Copper is Hella BAD.”

Answer 11

Characterized by:
 (-) Ceruloplasmin, Cirrhosis, Corneal deposits(Kayser-Fleischer rings) , Copper accumulation, Carcinoma (hepatocellular)
Hemolytic anemia
Basal ganglia degeneration (parkinsonian symptoms)
Asterixis (=flapping tremor is ein grobschlägiges Zittern der Hände)
Dementia, Dyskinesia, Dysarthria (motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury)

Question 12

Wilson disease ( hep. Lent. Dege )

Inadequate hepatic copper ______ and failure of copper to _____ circulation as ________. Leads to copper ______, especially in liver, brain, ______, kidneys (_______ syndrome), and joints.
Autosomal ________ inheritance (chr.13). Copper is normally excreted into _____ by hepatocyte copper transporting ____

Treatment includes _______ with ? or trientine, oral _____.

Answer 12

Wilson disease

Inadequate hepatic copper excretion and failure of copper to enter circulation as ceruloplasmin. Leads to copper accumulation, especially in liver, brain, cornea, kidneys (Fanconi syndrome), and joints.
Autosomal recessive inheritance (chr.13). Copper is normally excreted into bile by hepatocyte copper transporting ATPase

Treatment includes chelation with penicillamine or trientine, oral zinc.

Question 13

Hemochromatosis

Hemos______ is the deposition of __________ (____), which stains ___ A; hemochromatosisis the disease ______ by this iron deposition.
Classic ____ : micronodular ______, ______ mellitus, and ____ pigmentation (Ž“_______” diabetes )

Answer 13

Hemochromatosis

Hemosiderosis is the deposition of hemosiderin (iron), which stains blue A; hemochromatosisis the disease caused by this iron deposition.
Classic triad : micronodular Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus, and skin pigmentation (Ž“bronze” diabetes )

Question 14

Hemochromatosis
Disease may be 1° (autosomal ______) or 2° to ______ transfusion therapy (e.g., __-thalassemia _____).
? _ ferritin, _iron, _TIBC -> _ transferrin saturation.

Can be identified on _____ with P_____ ____ stain.

Answer 14

Total iron-binding capacity TIBC

Disease may be 1° (autosomal recessive) or 2° to chronic transfusion therapy (e.g., β-thalassemia major).
(+)ferritin, (+) iron, (-)TIBC Ž-> (high)transferrin saturation.

Can be identified on biopsy with Prussian blue stain.