Pathophysiologie Flashcards
Menopause, Hormons spiegel is ? Average age at onset is ____ ?
Hormonal changes: > FSH, > LH (no surge), > GnRH.
estrogen production due to age-linked declinein number of ovarian follicles. Average age at onset is 51 years (earlier in smokers).
Menopause, how to be sure ?
Wenig ostrogen.
sehr hohe FSH is specific for menopause (loss of negative feedback on FSH due to wenig estrogen).
Tonic-clonic seizures, first line therapy?
valproate. ( Phenytoin, carbamazepine )
Ig_ nephropathy (______ disease) type of nephritic syndrome
LM—mesangial proliferation.
EM—mesangial IC deposits.
IF—IgA-based IC deposits in _______.
Seen with _______-_____ purpura HSP.
IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
LM—mesangial proliferation.
EM—mesangial IC deposits.
IF—IgA-based IC deposits in mesangium.
Seen with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (systemic form).
LM = light microscopy; EM = electron microscopy; IF = immunofluorescence.
ADH from ?
Posterior pituitary
Glitazone such Pioglitazone , Rosiglitazone
NW ?
Hepatotoxisch
Weight gain, edema.
Hepatotoxicity, heart failure.
Haloperidol (blocking dopamine)
Epinephrine interaction ?
Epinephrine
In patients who develop hypotension, do not administer epinephrine because haloperidol may block the vasopressor activity of epinephrine, paradoxically lowering BP.
Vascular _____ Endothel proliferation
_________ hemi_____
Benign capillary hemangioma of infancy. Appears in ____ few weeks of life (1/200 births); grows ______ and regresses spontaneously at __–8 years old.
Vascular tumors
Strawberry hemangioma
Benign capillary hemangioma of infancy. Appears in first few weeks of life (1/200 births); grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously at 5–8 years old.
Hand moves and form cup , which muscle ?
opponens pollicis muscle
Rheumatoid arthritis tests ?
RF , anti-CCP , erythr. sedimentation rate (ESR) , CRP
Osteoporosis , 3 ?
Corticosteroids, heparin, phenytoin (barbiturates)
Photosensitivity are ?
SAT For Photo
Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU
Gingival hyperplasia drugs are ?
Phenytoin, Ca2+ channel blockers, cyclosporine
persistiernde Ductus arteriosus, treatment ?
prostaglandin-synthasehemmer Indometacin oder ibuprofen
______ ductus arteriosus (P_A)
A PDA _____ a portion of the _______ blood from the ____ heart to flow ____ to the lungs by flowing ____ the ____ (which has higher pressure) to the _______ ______.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
A PDA allows a portion of the oxygenated blood from the left heart to flow back to the lungs by flowing from the aorta (which has higher pressure) to the pulmonary artery.