Physiology - pancreas

Question 2

Islets of Langerhans secrete endocrine/exocrine + examples

Answer 2

ENDOCRINE secretion into the blood
- insulin
- glucagon
- somatostatin

Question 3

Acinar cells secrete exocrine/endocrine + examples

Answer 3

Exocrine digestive enzymes (duct cells), into the duodenum === pancreatic juice, WITH NaHCO3-

o neutralises acidic chyme entering the duodenum

Question 4

which cells of the pancrease produce INSULIN

Answer 4

b cells of islets of Langerhans

Question 5

whih pancreatic cells secrete Glucagon

Answer 5

a cells of the Islets of Langerhans

Question 6

describe the mechanism of INSULIN secretion from pancreatic b-cells

Answer 6

Question 7

Treatment for T2DM + MOA

Answer 7

SULFONYLUREAS - acts by closing the KATP channels and stimulating insulin release E.G. gliclazide

Question 8

another treatment for T2DM + why it might be better

Answer 8

Metformin

reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis by stimulating AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) triggering GLP-1 secretion which
enhances insulin release from pancreatic β-cells

doesn’t cause hypoglycemia like insulin or sulfonylureas—it only helps insulin work more effectively.

Question 9

Glucagon/Adrenaline/Metabolism ++ Cortisol act in synergy/oppositely, complementary

Answer 9

complementary

Question 10

summarise the pancreatic enzymes

Answer 10

Question 11

describe the control of pancreatic secretions

what happens when acid is in the duodenal lumen
what happens when fat + prtoein is in the duodenal lumen