HISTOLOGY

Question 1

Answer 1

epithelium

In this case, the peritoneal mesothelium, a specialized type of simple squamous epithelium, lines the abdominal cavity. Epithelium is an avascular tissue, meaning it lacks blood vessels, and is polarized, with an apical (free) surface and a basal surface attached to a basement membrane. It forms cohesive sheets that function as a protective barrier and are involved in secretion and absorption.

Question 2

why is C6 an important landmark in the GI system

Answer 2

C6 (the sixth cervical vertebra) is an important anatomical landmark in the gastrointestinal (GI) system because it marks the transition from the pharynx to the esophagus. This is where the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), specifically the cricopharyngeus muscle, is located

Injury at C6 due to trauma or surgery (e.g., anterior cervical spine surgery) can affect swallowing and esophageal function.

Question 3

stratified squamous epithelium in ….

Answer 3

oral cavity
oropharynx
laryngopharync

Question 4

anatomcial structuer of the heart containing tastebuds
+ location on tongue

Answer 4

papillae
location = anterior 2/3 on dorsal surface
posterior 1/3 lacks it

Question 5

which papillae of the tongue doesn’t have tastebuds

Answer 5

filiform

Question 6

epithelium in the stomach

Answer 6

simple columnar epithelium

Question 7

epithelium of the stomach contains gastric pits and glands. true or false

Answer 7

true

lined by surafce of mucous cells

Question 8

fundus meaning

Answer 8

The part of a hollow organ that is across from, or farthest away from, the organ’s opening

Question 9

ithsmus meaning

Answer 9

A narrow part inside the body that connects two larger structures.

Question 10

mucosa of the stomach depending on its regions

Answer 10

Question 11

describe the differences between the histological segments of the jejunum _+ ileum

Answer 11

jejunum:
tallest villi

ileum:
shorter villi
aggregations of lymphoid follicles
peyer’s patches

Question 13

locations of stem cells in the small intestine

Answer 13

at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, dividing to replenish epithelium

Question 14

enterocytes in the small intestine are

Answer 14

tall columnar cells
with a brush border
absorptive cell

Question 15

name of gland i nthe duodenum + location

Answer 15

Brunners glands
stimualted in the presence of chyme coming from the stomach
produce alkaline mucous
located in the submucosa

Question 16

teniae coli are located in

Answer 16

large intestine

Question 17

the muscular layer of the large intestine is called

Answer 17

teniae coli
3 muscular strips

Question 18

stratified squamous epithelium of the anal canal is keratinised. tru/false

Answer 18

false
it is non keratineised

the anal canal is continuous with the keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the surrounding skin

Question 20

the GI tract has its own nervous system called enteric nervous system which has about hte same numebr of neurons as the spinal cord. true/false??

Answer 20

true

Question 21

the interconnected netweork of fibees of the enteric nervous system have 2 plexuses whihc are located in….

Answer 21

1. one in submucosa
2. one between the muscle layers of the muscularis externa (myenteric)

submucosal plexus — ergulates secretion in to the epithelium + controls muscle of muscularis
myenteric plexus controls gut motility

Question 22

a group of neurons living otuside of the sprain and psinal cord is called

Answer 22

ganglion

Question 23

describe the variation of the mucosa in the GI

oral cavity, anal canal etc covered in….
small intestine covered in ….
large intestine covered in…..
stomach covered in…..

Answer 23

Question 24

name the largest gland in the body

Answer 24

liver

Question 25

mesothelium meaning

Answer 25

a membrane composed of simple squamous epithelial cells of mesodermal origin,[2] which forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (pleural cavity around the lungs), peritoneum (abdominopelvic cavity including the mesentery, omenta, falciform ligament and the perimetrium) and pericardium (around the heart).

Question 26

mesothelial cells are

Answer 26

simple squamous epithelium

Question 27

describe the constituents of the portal triad

Answer 27

Question 28

the sinusoids of the liver are lined by fenestrated endothelial cells. true or false

Answer 28

tru

Question 29

space of Disse is also called perisinusoidal space. true or false ## Footnote narrow space between the endothelial cells of sinusoids and hepatocytes

Answer 29

true

Question 30

hepatic stellate cells are found ....

Answer 30

scattered in the space of Disse

Question 31

what do hepatic stellate cells do

Answer 31

store vitamin A within fat droplets in their cytoplasm make connective tissue -- they are modified fibroblasts pathology --> they transform into myofibroblasts and produce scar tissue in the liver

Question 32

in the space of Disse, there are two type sof collagen. tru or false?

Answer 32

true tpye 3 (reticular) type 1

Question 33

kupffer cells. what are they?

Answer 33

macrophages scattered in sinusoids

Question 34

epithelim of gallbladder is

Answer 34

tall columnar epithelium with brush border

Question 35

inflamamtion of the gallbladder is called

Answer 35

cholecystitis ## Footnote galsltones obstructing the cystic duct leading to expansion of the gall bladder, thickening oth emuscle layers and inflammation

Question 36

acinus is

Answer 36

a small saclike cavity in a gland, surrounded by secretory cells.

Question 37

the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas as exocrine. true or false

Answer 37

produce insulin + glucagon FALSE endocrine! ## Footnote exocrine glands secrete substances into a ductal system to an epithelial surface, whereas endocrine glands secrete products directly into the bloodstream.