Physiology of Emotion, Swallowing, and Articulation Flashcards
Pharyngeal Constrictors
- help with swallowing
- Superior Pharyngeal constrictor
- Middle pharyngeal constrictor
- Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Superior Pharyngeal constrictor
O: Pterygoid plate, mandible, and sides of tongue
I: Pharyngeal raphe
A: Constrict pharynx
N: IX Glossopharyngeal, X Vagus
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
O: Hyoid bone
I: Pharyngeal raphe
A: Constrict pharynx
N: X Vagus
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Pharyngeal raphe
A: Constrict pharynx
N: X Vagus
Mastication
chewing
Deglutition
Swallowing
Emotions
- a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others
- Literally means move out
- Reactions to matters that are important to our welfare
- we are generally aware of them, but not often specifically aware
- Prime way we show emotion is the facial muscles
Triggers for emotion
- Automatic appraisal
- Reflective appraisal
- Memory
- Imagination
- Past emotional event
- Others instructing us about what to be emotional about
- Violations of social norms
- Voluntary assuming the appearance of emotion
- Empathy
Swallowing Stages
1) Oral Preparatory
2) Oral Stage
3) Pharyngeal Stage
4) Esophageal Stage
Stage 1 of swallowing
Oral Preparatory
- Length= variable depending on what you are eating (12 seconds or more is too long)
- Voluntary
- Food enters mouth
- A labial seal is produced
- Nasal breathing occurs
- Food prepared for swallowing through mastication (mixing of food with saliva)
- Takes place in oral cavity
Stage 2 of swallowing
Oral Stage
- Length= 1 sec.
- Voluntary
- Mastication stops
- A bolus is formed and placed on top of tongue
- Posterior part of tongue drops down
- Anterior tongue elevates to alveolar ridge
- Labial seal maintained and nasal breathing continues
- Tongue tip and sides firmly sealed against alveolar ridge
- Groove formed in tongue like a ramp or chute
- Tongue squeezes bolus backward in a rolling action to anterior faucial arches
Stage 3 of swallowing
Pharyngeal Stage
- Length= 1 sec
- Involuntary in that we don’t think about it usually, but voluntary in that you can control it if you want to
- Bolus contacts faucial arches
- Soft palate elevates
- Respiration pauses
- Vocal folds adduct
- Larynx elevates and moves forward
- Epiglottis lowers
- Cricopharyngeus (muscle at upper esophageal segment) relaxes
- Food enters pharynx and is squeezed through to esophagus
Stage 4 of swallowing
Esophageal Stage
- Length= 3-4 up to 20 depending on consistency of food
- Involuntary
- Bolus enters the esophagus
- Peristaltic waves push bolus to stomach
Difficulty swallowing
Dysphasia
Dysphasia
- Can occur in each stage
Verbal Communication System
1) Cognitive system (thoughts and ideas)
2) Language planning system (linguistic level/ encoding)
3) Speech planning system (how to say it is planned out)
4) Speech execution system (articulators say the word out loud)
Source Filter Theory
- Source: Vocal cords
- Filter: Resonance cavities and mobile and immobile articulators
- Product: Speech sounds
Vowel
A speech sound made with constriction of oral and pharyngeal cavities
Vowel
A speech sound made with little constriction of oral and pharyngeal cavities
Difference between vowel and consonants
1) Amount of constriction
2) Vowels always / Consonants and
3) Vowels center of syllables/ Consonants and
Difference between vowel and consonants
1) Amount of constriction
2) Vowels always voiced/ Consonants are voiced and unvoiced
3) Vowels center of syllables/ Consonants are not
Types of Vowels
1) Monophthong
2) Diphthong
Classification of vowels
1) Openness: extent oral cavity opened or closed depending if tongue is raised or lowered
2) backness: part of tongue raised (front vs. back)
3) roundness: rounding vs. un-rounding of lips
* 4) tenseness : tenseness/ laxness of tongue
IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet
SEA
Standard English Alphabet
Consonants
- Manner: how a sound is produced
- Place: where a sound is produced
- Voice: are the vocal cords on or off?
- Organ: what organ is doing the constricting of the air stream?
Manners of consonants
1) Sonorants (semi-vowels):
- Nasals (m, n, /ing/)
- Glides (r, w, y)
- Lateral (l)
2) Obstruents:
- Stops (p, b, t, d, k, g)
- Fricatives (f, v, s, z, sh, ch, th, h) –> noisy air
- Affricates –> begin like a stop, but end as a fricative (ch,
Place of consonants
- Labial (b, p, m, w)
- Labial-dental (f, v)
- Lingua-dental (th)
- Lingua-alveolar (t, d, s, z, n, l)
- Lingua-palatal (s, ch, y, r, sh)
- Lingua-velar (k, g, ing)
- Glottal (h)
Voice of consonants
- Voiced
- Voiceless
