Class #4

Question 1

Epithelial tissue

Answer 1

• Primary function: lining/protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, diffusion, cleaning
• contain minimal intercellular material

Question 2

Three main types of epithelial tissue

Answer 2

1) Epithelial proper
2) Endothelial
3) Mesothelial

Question 3

Epithelial proper

Answer 3

found in places like skin and mucous membranes

Question 4

Endothelial

Answer 4

found in blood vessels

Question 5

Mesothelial

Answer 5

found in body cavities like peritoneal, pleural, pericardial cavities

Question 6

Types of epithelial tissue

Answer 6

1) Squamous
2) Cuboidal
3) Columnar

Question 7

Squamous epithelial tissue

Answer 7

flirtation; diffusion (alveoli in lungs, skin, mouth); protection

Question 8

Cuboidal

Answer 8

secretion; absorption (bronchiole and kidney ducts, glands); protection

Question 9

Columnar

Answer 9

sensory reception (ears, eyes, nose, tongue, taste buds); secretion; protection; cleaning

Question 10

Three types of cellular arrangement

Answer 10

1) Simple
2) Stratified
3) Pseudo-Stratified

Question 11

Connective tissue

Answer 11

• Primary Function: support and connection

- Connective tissue cells contain lots of intercellular material

Question 12

Three types of connective tissue

Answer 12

1) Loose connective tissue
2) Dense connective tissue
3) Special connective tissue

Question 13

Loose connective tissue

Answer 13

• Areolar

- Adipose: fat tissue/cells

Question 14

Dense connective tissue

Answer 14

• Tendons
• Ligaments: bone to bone; bone to cartilage; cartilage to cartilage
• Fascia: holds bundles together

Question 15

Special connective tissues

Answer 15

Cartilage: has some give (similar to plastic)
- Hyaline cartilage: coat and protect joints (hip)
- Elastic cartilage: ear, epiglottis
- Fibrous cartilage: shock absorber (spine)
Bone: doesn’t have give
- Compact bone: in shaft; dense
- Spongy bone: middle of the bone, lattice work, contains bone marrow called trabeculae; makes skeleton lighter and gives flex to bones
- Where bones connect, you get joints

Question 16

Fibrous joint

Answer 16

Functional name: synarthrodial
Degree of movement: little to none
Example: skull joints

Question 17

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 17

Functional name: Amphiarthrodial
Degree of movement: some
Example: spine

Question 18

Synovial joint

Answer 18

Functional name: Diarthrodial
Degree of movement: lots
Example: knee

Question 19

4 types of bone cells

Answer 19

• Osteoprogenitor cells: cells that produce different types of bone cells
• Osteoblasts: bone producing cells
• Osteocytes: actual bone cells
• Osteoclasts: reshape bone (shave down excess); take away osteocytes

Question 20

Muscle tissue

Answer 20

• Primary function: movement by contraction

- Makes up voluntary muscles, involuntary muscles, and heart

Question 21

Three types of muscle tissue

Answer 21

1) Striated (or skeletal): voluntary
2) Smooth: involuntary
3) Cardiac: heart

Question 22

Muscle tissue structure

Answer 22

• Fascia
• Fasciculus
• Epimysium
• Perimysium
• Endomysium
• Muscle fiber

Question 23

Nervous Tissue

Answer 23

• Primary function: communication; transfer info
• Basic unit: neuron
• Neuron connections: neuron to neuron; neuron to muscle or gland; neuron to nervous system
• Neuron function: efferent (motor) communication–> excitation, inhibition, modulation; afferent (sensory) communication

Question 24

Organ

Answer 24

• grouping (collections) of tissues

Question 25

System

Answer 25

• collection of organs

Question 26

Lever

Answer 26

simple machines that make work easier

Question 27

Class one lever

Answer 27

force–> fulcrum–> load

Example: head nod

Question 28

Class two lever

Answer 28

fulcrum–> load–> force

Example: calf raises

Question 29

Class three lever

Answer 29

fulcrum–> force–> load

Example: forearm