Class #4 Flashcards
Epithelial tissue
- Primary function: lining/protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, diffusion, cleaning
- contain minimal intercellular material
Three main types of epithelial tissue
1) Epithelial proper
2) Endothelial
3) Mesothelial
Epithelial proper
found in places like skin and mucous membranes
Endothelial
found in blood vessels
Mesothelial
found in body cavities like peritoneal, pleural, pericardial cavities
Types of epithelial tissue
1) Squamous
2) Cuboidal
3) Columnar
Squamous epithelial tissue
flirtation; diffusion (alveoli in lungs, skin, mouth); protection
Cuboidal
secretion; absorption (bronchiole and kidney ducts, glands); protection
Columnar
sensory reception (ears, eyes, nose, tongue, taste buds); secretion; protection; cleaning
Three types of cellular arrangement
1) Simple
2) Stratified
3) Pseudo-Stratified
Connective tissue
- Primary Function: support and connection
- Connective tissue cells contain lots of intercellular material
Three types of connective tissue
1) Loose connective tissue
2) Dense connective tissue
3) Special connective tissue
Loose connective tissue
- Areolar
- Adipose: fat tissue/cells
Dense connective tissue
- Tendons
- Ligaments: bone to bone; bone to cartilage; cartilage to cartilage
- Fascia: holds bundles together
Special connective tissues
Cartilage: has some give (similar to plastic)
- Hyaline cartilage: coat and protect joints (hip)
- Elastic cartilage: ear, epiglottis
- Fibrous cartilage: shock absorber (spine)
Bone: doesn’t have give
- Compact bone: in shaft; dense
- Spongy bone: middle of the bone, lattice work, contains bone marrow called trabeculae; makes skeleton lighter and gives flex to bones
- Where bones connect, you get joints
Fibrous joint
Functional name: synarthrodial
Degree of movement: little to none
Example: skull joints
Cartilaginous joint
Functional name: Amphiarthrodial
Degree of movement: some
Example: spine
Synovial joint
Functional name: Diarthrodial
Degree of movement: lots
Example: knee
4 types of bone cells
- Osteoprogenitor cells: cells that produce different types of bone cells
- Osteoblasts: bone producing cells
- Osteocytes: actual bone cells
- Osteoclasts: reshape bone (shave down excess); take away osteocytes
Muscle tissue
- Primary function: movement by contraction
- Makes up voluntary muscles, involuntary muscles, and heart
Three types of muscle tissue
1) Striated (or skeletal): voluntary
2) Smooth: involuntary
3) Cardiac: heart
Muscle tissue structure
- Fascia
- Fasciculus
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
- Muscle fiber
Nervous Tissue
- Primary function: communication; transfer info
- Basic unit: neuron
- Neuron connections: neuron to neuron; neuron to muscle or gland; neuron to nervous system
- Neuron function: efferent (motor) communication–> excitation, inhibition, modulation; afferent (sensory) communication
Organ
- grouping (collections) of tissues
System
- collection of organs
Lever
simple machines that make work easier
Class one lever
force–> fulcrum–> load
Example: head nod
Class two lever
fulcrum–> load–> force
Example: calf raises
Class three lever
fulcrum–> force–> load
Example: forearm
