Physiology of anaesthesia Flashcards
what is the definition of anaesthesia?
the state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes
what is sedation?
the act of calming by administration of a sedative
what could trigger cardiac arrhythmias?
catecholamines
- adrenaline and noradrengaline
how is general anaesthesia achieved?
- injectable
- gaseous and injectable combo
what are the levels of anaesthesia?
- stage 1 - voluntary excitement
- stage 2 - involuntary excitement
- stage 3 - surgical anaesthesia
- stage 4 - excessively deep - intervention required
what are the three planes of stage 3?
- plane 1 - light - minor examinations
- plane 2 - medium - suitable for most surgery
- plane 3 - deep - usually unneccessary
what is the triad of anaesthesia?
- narcosis - sleep
- analgesia - pain relief
- relaxation of muscles
what is dead space?
any part of the respiratory tract in which no gaseous exchange takes place
what is anatomical dead space?
parts of the airways where no gaseous exchange takes place
what is physiological dead space?
parts of the airways that normally would contribute to gaseous exchanges but are unable to due to pathology
- pulmonary oedema
- blood in airways
- intra-bronchial intubation
what is equipment/mechanical dead space?
the contribution of the anaesthetic equipment to the dead space
what does anatomical dead space include?
- nasal passages
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- may include alveolar
what is tidal volume?
the volume of air that goes in and out with each breath
what is the tidal volume of a patient less than 10kg?
15ml/kg
what is the tidal volume of a patient more than 10kg?
10ml/kg
what is minute volume?
the volume of air exchanged each minute
what is anoxia?
absence of oxygen in the tissues