Anaesthetic monitoring Flashcards
what does hypoventilation lead to?
hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia
what happens to the dependent lung in lateral recumbency?
it cannot properly inflate
what happens to the diaphragm in dorsal recumbency?
abdominal contents press on the diaphragm and vena cava
what does ECG stand for?
electrocardiogram
what is the P-wave?
depolarisation of atria in response to SA node triggering
what is the T-wave?
ventricular repolarisation
what is the PR interval?
delay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles
what is the QRS complex?
depolarisation of ventricles, triggers main pumping contractions
what is the ST segment?
beginning of ventricle repolarisation, should be flat
what does an ECG do?
measures the difference in the signal between two of the electrodes
what are the two ways of bp monitoring?
- invasive
- non-invasive
what is non-invasive bp monitoring?
based on inflation of a cuff to occlude arterial blood flow and detection of the pressure at which blood flow returns
what are two ways of non-invasive blood pressure monitoring?
- oscillometry
- doppler (only systolic)
what does a doppler do?
detects flow and makes sounds when the arterial flow changes during each heartbeat
what is the pressure gauge called for the doppler?
sphygmomanometer
what is capnography?
sampling of expired gas to determine the concentration of carbon dioxide
what are the two ways that expired gas can be measured?
- mainstream analyser (sensor between the ET tube and the circuit)
- sidestream analyser (sensor away from the patient connected to the circuit by a T-connector)
what does a pulse ox measure?
oxygen delivery to the tissues
what are some pulse points?
- femoral
- carotid (either side of trachea)
- lingual
- labial (inside of lip)
- coccygeal
- volar metacarpal artery (palmar aspect of the paw distal to the carpal pad
- dorsal tarsal artery (dorsal aspect of hock joint)
what is the blood pressure calculation?
bp = cardiac output x peripheral resistance
what number must the mean bp measurement be above to maintain perfusion?
60
what does blue-ish mm mean?
cyanosis (inadequate oxygenation of blood, hypoxaemia)
what does pale or grey mm mean?
poor peripheral perfusion or hypovolaemia
what does brick red mm mean?
sepsis patients due to vasodilation, congestion, hypercapnia
what does prolonged crt mean?
hypoperfusion
what will blood loss cause?
- tachycardia
- weak rapid pulse
- prolonged crt
- pale mm
what is the calculation for circulating blood volume?
88 x BW (dogs)
66 x BW (cats)
