Anaesthetic monitoring

Question 1

what does hypoventilation lead to?

Answer 1

hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia

Question 2

what happens to the dependent lung in lateral recumbency?

Answer 2

it cannot properly inflate

Question 3

what happens to the diaphragm in dorsal recumbency?

Answer 3

abdominal contents press on the diaphragm and vena cava

Question 4

what does ECG stand for?

Answer 4

electrocardiogram

Question 5

what is the P-wave?

Answer 5

depolarisation of atria in response to SA node triggering

Question 6

what is the T-wave?

Answer 6

ventricular repolarisation

Question 7

what is the PR interval?

Answer 7

delay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles

Question 8

what is the QRS complex?

Answer 8

depolarisation of ventricles, triggers main pumping contractions

Question 9

what is the ST segment?

Answer 9

beginning of ventricle repolarisation, should be flat

Question 10

what does an ECG do?

Answer 10

measures the difference in the signal between two of the electrodes

Question 11

what are the two ways of bp monitoring?

Answer 11

• invasive
• non-invasive

Question 12

what is non-invasive bp monitoring?

Answer 12

based on inflation of a cuff to occlude arterial blood flow and detection of the pressure at which blood flow returns

Question 13

what are two ways of non-invasive blood pressure monitoring?

Answer 13

• oscillometry
• doppler (only systolic)

Question 14

what does a doppler do?

Answer 14

detects flow and makes sounds when the arterial flow changes during each heartbeat

Question 15

what is the pressure gauge called for the doppler?

Answer 15

sphygmomanometer

Question 16

what is capnography?

Answer 16

sampling of expired gas to determine the concentration of carbon dioxide

Question 17

what are the two ways that expired gas can be measured?

Answer 17

• mainstream analyser (sensor between the ET tube and the circuit)
• sidestream analyser (sensor away from the patient connected to the circuit by a T-connector)

Question 18

what does a pulse ox measure?

Answer 18

oxygen delivery to the tissues

Question 19

what are some pulse points?

Answer 19

• femoral
• carotid (either side of trachea)
• lingual
• labial (inside of lip)
• coccygeal
• volar metacarpal artery (palmar aspect of the paw distal to the carpal pad
• dorsal tarsal artery (dorsal aspect of hock joint)

Question 20

what is the blood pressure calculation?

Answer 20

bp = cardiac output x peripheral resistance

Question 21

what number must the mean bp measurement be above to maintain perfusion?

Answer 21

60

Question 22

what does blue-is mm mean?

Answer 22

cyanosis (inadequate oxygenation of blood, hypoxaemia)

Question 23

what does pale or grey mm mean?

Answer 23

poor peripheral perfusion or hypovolaemia

Question 24

what does brick red mm mean?

Answer 24

sepsis patients due to vasodilation, congestion, hypercapnia

Question 25

what does prolonged crt mean?

Answer 25

hypoperfusion

Question 26

what will blood loss cause?

Answer 26

• tachycardia
• weak rapid pulse
• prolonged crt
• pale mm

Question 27

what is the calculation for circulating blood volume?

Answer 27

88 x BW (dogs)
66 x BW (cats)