Nervous tissue Flashcards
what are myelinated axons surrounded by?
schwann cells
where are unmyelinated axons found?
in the autonomic system and parts of the brain
what does myelin allow?
impulses to travel faster acting as insulation and protection
what is a nerve?
many neurons held together by connective tissue (neuroglia)
what does neuroglia do?
- support neurons physically and metabolically
what are astrocytes?
covers capillaries in brain and helps blood brain barrier
what are oligodendrocytes?
peripheral nervous tissue
what is microglia?
phagocytic cells, part of CNS defence system
what is ependymal?
lining ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord
what are three types of neuron?
- unipolar
- bipolar
- multipolar
what forms grey matter?
cell bodies
what forms white matter?
nerve fibre
what are three classes of neurons?
- afferent
- efferent
- interneurons
what does afferent mean?
- sensory - messages towards brain and spinal cord
what does efferent mean?
- motor - messages away from brain and spinal cord
what does interneurons mean?
- message transmission within brain and spinal cord
what is a terminal button?
enlarged end of an axon which has lots of mitochondria
what are the transmitter substances in the peripheral nervous system?
acetyl choline and nor-adrenalin
what is the transmitter substance in the central nervous system?
acetyl choline
what is the post-transmission period called?
refractory period
what are the two components to the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
what are the three main divisions of the brain?
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
what are the three ares of the forebrain?
- cerebrum
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
what is the cerebrum and what does it do?
- 2 halves separated by longitudinal sulcus
- receive and process information
what are the folds in the cerebrum called?
gyri
how are gyri separated?
into areas by sulci and fissues
where is the thalamus found?
lies deep in brain tissue at the base of the cerebral hemisphere
what does the thalamus do?
relays info to and from cerebral cortex from sense organs