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Endocrine > Physiology: Menstruation: Nutting > Flashcards

Physiology: Menstruation: Nutting Flashcards

1
Q

How many sperm get into os?

A

1/2000

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2
Q

How many sperm get to top of uterus?

A

1/5000

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3
Q

What is the survival of the ovum?

A

1-12 hours

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4
Q

What is the survival of th sperm/

A

1-5 days

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5
Q

When are men sexually interested?

A

Always

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6
Q

When are women sexuality interested?

A

Mid cycle

Just before menstruation

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7
Q

What is typcical volume of ejaculate?

A

1-3 ml

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8
Q

How many sperm per ml?

A

100 million

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9
Q

How many total sperm?

A

100-300 million

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10
Q

What causes cervical mucus thinning?

A

Estrogen

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11
Q

What increases motility of female tract?

A

Estradiol (E2)
PG (from semen)
Oxytocin (post. pit–>orgasm)

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12
Q

Probability of getting pregnant 1-2 days before ovulation?

A

30%

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13
Q

Probability of getting pregnant day after ovulation?

A

Near 0

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14
Q

What is the probability of getting preganany 3-5 days before ovulation?

A

10%

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15
Q

What day does a woman ovulate?

A

Half of her cycle:
30 day? ~15
28 day? ~14

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16
Q

When does birth rate drop off?

A

After 35 years old, due to primordial follicle fall off

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17
Q

How many eggs are ovulated over 35 years?

A

400-450k

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18
Q

What happens when all eggs are gone?

A

Menopause

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19
Q

What is thestructure of the follicle outside in?

A

Thecal cells
Granulosa cells
Antrum
Ovum

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20
Q

What does the gfollicle secrete?

A

estrogen: estrodiol-17B
androgen from thecal cells
progesterone

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21
Q

What do the granulosa cells make?

A

Estradiol out of androgens from thecal cells stimulated by LH

Inhibin: reduce FSH in post pituitary

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22
Q

What are granulosa cells stimulated by?

A

FSH (leads to inhbin)

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23
Q

What are the two main cell types of the ovaries?

A

x

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24
Q

What happens to the endometrium in blood supply and glands during one cycle?

A

x

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25
What hormones does the ovary synthecize and secrete in one cycle?
x
26
What hormones does the pit make in one cycle?
x
27
What happens to the BBT in one cycle?
x
28
TEST: Figure on cycle
FSH-->Estradiol-->LH-->Ovulation-->Progesterone/Estrogen/Inhibin-->Menstruation-->FSH
29
What starts the maturation of the next set of follicles to grow in the cycle?
FSH and LH slow rise after mentruation
30
FSH causes what to rise?
Estradiol | Inhibin
31
What causes the mid-cycle surge in LH?
Estradiol (from FSH stim) switch from low concentration to high concentration
32
What is the main thing necessary for ovulation?
LH surge | not really need FSH to ovulate
33
What does birth control pills try to prevent?
LH surge-->ovulation
34
What does the pre-ovulation surge in Prog tell us?
The dominant follicle is beginning to be a corpus luteum, and make progesterone
35
When does the corpus luteum form?
2-3 days prior to ovulation with the estradiol/LH spike
36
Corpus luteum means what?
Yellow Body | Can see with a laproscope, loaded with fat to become estrogen and progesterone
37
When does BBT go up in cycle? How much?
1/2 to 1* F | At ovulation
38
When does BBT fall back to normal?
When progesterone falls at mentruation
39
What is important about measuring the BBT?
EXACT same thing/time every day
40
What happens to endometrium in cycle?
Menstrual--Proliferative-->secretory
41
What initiates menstrual sloughing on a circulation level?
Spiral artery spasm
42
FSH stimulates what?
1. Granuloaa cells to proliferate 2. Granulosa cells to make inhibin and convert androgens from theca cells to estrogen for target action in female genitalia
43
LH does what?
Stimulate thecal cells to make androgens
44
What cells have aromatase?
Granulosa cells of ovary, convert androgens to estrogen
45
How does estrogen lead to positive feedback in the follicle?
1. It causes follicle to grow after being made in it | 2. Pituitary stimulation of FSH... ?
46
What other receptors are on granulosa cells in follicle?What do they do?
``` IGF-TWO 2222 Activins VEGF Inhibin *positive feedback to follicle growth ```
47
During follicular phase, the ovaries produce what 4 paracrine factors for positive feedback of follicular growth?
IGF-2 Activins VEGF Inhibin
48
Thecal cells use what fro granulosa cells to make androgens?
Pregnenolone
49
What converts androgens to estrogen?
Aromatase
50
What causes variation in length in a woman's menstrual cycle?
The length of the FOLLICULAR phase
51
What does hCG do?
Keeps the Corpus Luteum from degenerating, occurs in pregnancy
52
What day does hCG show up?
~7-10
53
What day does implantation occur?
~7 days
54
When does the corpus luteum regress without hCG?
8 days after ovulation
55
When does the corpus luteum develop?
Shortly BEFORE ovulation
56
How long does the luteal phase last?
2 weeks (cut CL is degenerating in the last 5 days)
57
What causes progesterone in the CL?
LH (and FSH)
58
What causes estrogen formation in the CL granulosa cell?
Just FSH
59
How can you seem to have a normal cycle without ovulation?
Corpus luteum still forms, secretes E and Prog, and cycle happens without egg drop
60
What is the normal length of the luteal phase?
14 days
61
What can cause a shortened luteal phase?
1. new heavy excercise 2. infertility 3. first trimester miscarriage history
62
What effects the mitotic rate of mammary gland cells in cycle?
Increases in luteal phase of every cycle

Endocrine (15 decks)

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