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RS > Physiology lecture 3 > Flashcards

Physiology lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

does diffusion of gases across respiratory membrane require energy consumption?

A

no its passive

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2
Q

diffusion of gases determined by what two laws

A

Fick’s and Henry’s

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3
Q

what are the factors of Fick’s law

A

thickness of respiratory membrane
surface area
diffusion coefficient
partial pressure difference

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4
Q

thickness of respiratory membrane relationship to rate of diffusion and what is smth that decreases it

A

inverse proportional

pulmonary edema and fibrosis

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5
Q

surface area relationship to rate of diffusion and what is smth that decreases it

A

directly proportional

lobectomy and emphysema

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6
Q

diffusion coefficient relationship to rate of diffusion

A

directly proportional

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7
Q

what does diffusion coeff depend on

A

solubility coef and molecular weight of gas

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8
Q

diffusion coef relationship to molecular weight and solubility coeff

A

molecular weight inverse

solubility coef direct

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9
Q

is the diffusion coef high or low for gases with low molecular weight

A

high and high rate of diffusion

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10
Q

arrange gases which diffuses faster to slowest

A

CO2 then O2 then N2

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11
Q

Partial pressure difference relationship to rate of diffusion

A

directly proportional

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12
Q

as partial pressure of gas increase the rate of diffusion ……

A

increase

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13
Q

partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli and in pulmonary capillary and what is the pressure gradient

A

alveoli 100
capillary 40
pressure gradient 60

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14
Q

partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli and in pulmonary capillary and what is the pressure gradient

A

alveoli 40
capillary 45
pressure gradient 5

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15
Q

what is henrys law

A

amount of gas dissolved is proportional to its partial pressure

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16
Q

solubility of gas relationship to rate of diffusion

A

directly proportional

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17
Q

what affects solubility of gas

A

temperature
solubility coeff
pressure gradient

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18
Q

the pressure gradient for O2 is 10 -12 times higher than co2 but why is the diffusion rate for CO2 higher

A

CO2 has higher solubility coeff and higher diffusion coeff

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19
Q

what is external respiration

A

movement of gas between alveoli and pulmonary capillary

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20
Q

blood in arteriorlar end of pulmonary circulation , which gas is higher and which is lower in comparison to alveolar air

A

lower oxygen and higher co2

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21
Q

blood in venular end of pulmonary circulation , which gas is higher and which is lower in comparison to alveolar air

A

same oxygen and carbon dioxide conc as alevolar air

22
Q

what are the factors driving the movement of gas

A

partial pressure gradient and solubility of gas

23
Q

the concentration of oxygen in alveoli is determined by

A

rate of oxygen absorption from alveoli to blood

rate of entry of new oxygenated air from atmosphere

24
Q

during exercise what parameters increase

A

pulmonary ventilation
pulmonary blood flow
pulmonary surface area

25
Q

what are the abnormalities affecting external respiration

A

hypoxia and anoxia

26
Q

what is hypoxia

A

low oxygen in tissues limiting metabolic activity

27
Q

what is anoxia

A

no oxygen supply to tissues leading to heart attack or CVA

28
Q

What are the factors that cause low arterial partial pressure of oxygen

A

not enough ventilation
problem in gas exchange between alveoli and capillary
not enough oxygen is transported in blood (carbon monoxide poisoning)

29
Q

what happens to oxygen of blood in pulmonary vein when it mixes from capillaries around it during internal respiration

A

slightly decrease

30
Q

what gas levels affect bronchiole diameter and how

A

carbon dioxide

when PCO2 in expired air increases the bronchiole diameter increase

31
Q

what gas level affect arteriole diameter and how

A

alveolar gas level
high co2 and low o2 causes pulmonary arteriole constriction
low co2 and high o2 causes pulmonary arteriole dilation

32
Q

what are the ways co2 is transported in blood and percentages

A

70% as bicarbonate
23% bound to hb ( carbaminohb)
7% dissolved in plasma

33
Q

the carbon dioxide bound to hb binds to what part and reversible or not

A

bind to amino group and reversibly

34
Q

what is the total percentage of co2 that diffuses into RBCs

A

93%

35
Q

each 100 ml of blood carries how many ml of CO2 and O2

A

Co2 ; 4ml

O2;20 ml

36
Q

how does bicarbonate leave RBC

A

by chloride shift (exchanged with extracellular chloride)

37
Q

what % of oxygen is transported in blood and what % in plasma

A

blood 98%

plasma 1.5%

38
Q

carbon monoxide affinity is greater or lower to hb in comparison to oxygen

A

200 times more

39
Q

what does the oxygen hb saturation curve represent

A

percentage of heme units that are bound to oxygen

40
Q

what does the curve reflect

A

increased affinity for oxygen (sigmoid)

41
Q

hb is more than 90 % saturated when PO2 is

A

more than 60 mmhg

42
Q

hb entering systemic circulation how much is it saturated

A

100%

43
Q

hb leaving body tissues how much is it saturated

A

75%

44
Q

is substantial o2 reserve present in venous blood

A

yes

45
Q

hb in blood in active muscles by how much is it saturated and what is the po2 there

A

20%

po2 = 15-20 mmhg

46
Q

at high po2 the saturation is high

A

true

47
Q

what are the factors that shift the curve to right

A

2,3 BPG
low PH (high H+)
high temp
high pco2

48
Q

when curves shift to right , at the same partial pressure, the hb saturation will be less

A

true

49
Q

higher BPG means more oxygen will be released by hb

A

true

50
Q

if BPG drops very low hb will not release oxygen

A

true

51
Q

what limits the storage of blood

A

BPG

52
Q

What factors increase BPG

A

thyroxine
NE
EN
Growth hormone

RS (13 decks)

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