Physiology and Anatomy (The Neuromuscular System) Flashcards
Autonomic Nervous System
Controls involuntary organs which regulate internal organs.
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
The CNS controls most functions of body and mind while the PNS controls the muscles and joints and sending information to the CNS.
Slow Oxidative Type 1 Muscle Fibre
Smallest muscle type with high concentration of red blood cells which produces little energy hit with high fatigue resistance as there have many quantities of mitochondria.
Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (Type IIa)
Still some red blood cells in the muscle with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic energy to create energy. It produces medium amounts of force with it being slightly fatigue resistance.
Fast Glycolytic (Type IIb)
Low oxygen capacity and uses anaerobic respiration to produce lots of power which does not last very long.
Motor Unit
One motor neurons and it’s muscle fibers. Only one type of muscle fibre found in one particular motor unit.
Role of a Motor Unit
Works with the nervous system to allow contractions to occur with motor neurons transmitting the nerve impulse to the muscle fibre
Neuromuscular Junction
Location of meeting between neurons and muscle
The All or None Law
Once the motor neuron stimulates the muscle fibres, all fibres within the motor unit will contract simultaneously and maximally.
The number of fibres in a motor unit
For fine motor control, lots of fibres are needed in the motor unit such as in fingers. Meanwhile, muscles such as your hamstring which have gross motor control will have less fibres.
Wave Summation
1) The greater the frequency of muscle contractions, the greater the tension developed by the muscle.
2) Repeated activation of a motor neurons stimulates muscle fibre leading to a forceful contraction.
3) Every time a nerve impulse reaches the muscle, calcium is released.
4) A buildup of calcium aids forceful sustained and smooth contraction.
Titanic Contraction
A sustained muscle contraction caused by a series of fast repeating stimuli.
Spatial Summation
The recruitment of additional, bigger motor units within a muscle to develop more force
Muscle Spindles
A stretch receptor which provides information to CNS about how far and fast something is being stretched. The CNS then relays back to muscle telling the muscle to contract to prevent over stretching.
Golgi Tendon Organs
Found between muscle fibre and tendon detecting level of tension in a muscle. When muscle tension goes past limit it sends a signal to the brain.
