Physiology and Anatomy (Respiratory System) Flashcards
Respiration
The taking in of oxygen and removal of CO2
Passage of Air
1) Oxygen enters through the mouth and the nose
2) Pharynx —-> Larynx —-> Trachea
3) It then goes down into your bronchi and bronchioles from there
Diffusion
The movement of gas molecules from an area of high partial pressure to an area with low pressure
Partial Pressure
The force exerted from a particle of gas when joined to a molecule. High partial pressure in alveoli and low partial pressure in the muscle.
Tidal Volume
Volume of air expired and inspired per breath. (Increases during exercise)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
The volume eod air that can be forcefully inspired after a normal breath. (Decreases during exercise)
Expiratory Reserve Volume
The volume of air that can be forcefully expired after a normal breath. (Decreases during exercise)
Residual Volume
Volume of air remaining in your lungs after maximum expiration. (Stays the same during exercise)
Minute Ventilation
The volume of air breathed in or out per minute. (Increases during exercise)
Vital Capacity
Maximum amount of air that a person can expire from the lungs.
Control of Ventilation
- Respiratory Centre consists of Expiratory and Inspiratory Centre
- To increase expiration, intercostal nerve sends impulses from the expiratory centre which tenses abdominals and internal intercostals
- To increase inspiration, the phrenic nerve sends an impulse which activates diaphragm and external intercostals.
Role of Adrenaline
A hormone which is transported in blood and increases breathing rate.
Impact on Smoking
- Smoking can cause irritation of trachea and the bronchi which can cause swellings and narrowing of the lungs airway
- Alveoli can not grow in size as much reducing surface area for gaseous exchange
- Cillia becomes less effective so mucus builds up
