Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations- Block 1 > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of bodily fluid and their respective volume%

A

ICF (66.66%) and ECF (33.33%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two subcategories of ECF and their relative volume%

A

Blood plasma and ISF (25% and 75% resp.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What % of bodyweight is total body water (TBW)?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What ions are most prevalent in the cell (ICF)?

A

Potassium and protein anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What ions are most prevalent in the ISF?

A

Sodium and Chlorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What ions are most present in the blood plasma?

A

Sodium, Cl-, and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What effect does low protein in the blood plasma have?

A

Edema (water leaks from plasma to ISF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure formed when a charged molecule pulls water towards it (eh). The pressure when water moves to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tonicity if the ISF has a higher concentration than the ICF

A

Hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tonicity if the ISF has a lower concentration than the ICF

A

Hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tonicity if the ISF is the same conc as the ICF

A

Isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal Saline osmolarity and tonicity (normal ICF/ECF conc)

A

Isotonic and isosmotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5% dextrose in normal saline (DS5-normal saline) tonicity and osmolarity

A

Hyperosmotic (dextrose) and isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DS5 in water tonicity and osmolarity

A

Isosmotic and hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

0.45% saline

A

Hyposmotic and hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DS5 in 0.45% saline tonic and osmolarity

A

Hyperosmotic and hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of diffusion occurs directly across the lipid bilayer?

A

Simple diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What transport occurs across channels or facilitating proteins without ATP input?

A

Facilitated diffusion

19
Q

What transport requires direct ATP transport across the membrane with a channel or transporter?

A

Primary Active Transport

20
Q

What transport uses the concentration gradient established by the PAT to move ions or other products?

A

Secondary active transport

21
Q

What are the transport proteins associated with muscle contraction?

A

L-type voltage gated Ca channel (DHP); Ca2+ release channel (in the SR); Na/K ATPase; Na/Ca exchanger (2* active transport); Ca2+ pump

22
Q

How and where does digoxin affect muscular contraction?

A

Blocks Na/K atpase and prevents Ca2+ from leavin cells; increased force of contraction

23
Q

What target organs in the ANS are sympathetic only?

A

Adrenal medulla and erector pili

24
Q

What effector area is mostly under strictly-sympathetic control? Why?

A

Blood vessels (dilation/constriction); parasymp nerves dont travel with spinal nerves

25
Q

What is the two cell system?

A

Where symp/para nervous systems synapse at both the PNS and CNS (a cell body in each)

26
Q

What are the sympathetic cardiac receptors?

A

Beta 1 (incr HR and contraction force) and alpha 1 (constriction)

27
Q

What are the parasymp cardiac receptors

A

M2 (decreased HR and contractility) and M3 (dilation)

28
Q

What neurotransmitters (NTs) are most prevalent in the Para/symp nervous systems?

A

Sympathetic: (nor)epinepherine, and sometimes ACh

Parasympathetic: ACh

29
Q

What ANS receptor is on smooth muscle? Cardiac?

A

Alpha-1 smooth; B-1 (mostly) cardiac

30
Q

What ANS receptor can be targeted to mediate blood pressure control?

A

Beta-1 (propanolol and metoprolol)

31
Q

What are common B-1 agonists?

A

(Nor)epinepherine, isoproterenol, dobutamine

32
Q

What famous antagonist blocks nicotinic receptors?

A

curare

33
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors most common?

A

Parasympathetic pathway

Sympathetic pathway only in sweat glands (ACh)

34
Q

What is the action of B-1 receptors?

A

Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and increased cAMP

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alpha-1 receptors?

A

IP3, and increased intracellular Ca2+

36
Q

What are the target tissues containing B-1 receptors?

A

Heart, salivary glands, adipose, kidney

37
Q

What target tissues contain alpha-1 receptors?

A

Vascular smooth muscle, skin, renal, splanchic, GI, sphincters, radial muscles, iris

38
Q

What mediates signal transduction? Describe it.

A

GCPR; A small signal form a NT binds to a receptor, then that activates a cascade of proteins (G-coupled) that amplify this signal.

tl;dr small signal cascades to huge effects

39
Q

To relate how powerful signal transduction is, how many cAMP is produced from 1 second to NE binding to B-1?

A

1000s

40
Q

What is increased cAMP’s effect on cardiomyocytes?

A

Increased rate and contractile force

41
Q

What does adenylyl cyclase do?

A

rearranges ATP to cAMP via isomerization

42
Q

How does cAMP affect HR and force?

A

By opening Ca2+ channels longer, making the ICF conc of Ca higher

43
Q

What is caffein’s mechanism on the heart?

A

Increased cAMP, increased Ca2+, and whatever results from that

Foundations- Block 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions