Older Pediatrics Flashcards
What age is the greatest “value imprint”? What is this?
6-11 years old
-the age where the parent’s values are most imprinted before peer socialization sets in
What is a major contributor to a middle-childhood self image?
Self esteem
How is growth defined? How many times a year?
Discontinuous; 3-6 times per year
What are weight gain averages form children 6-11 years per year?
3-3.5kg
Height is 2.4-2.8in per year
What can sedentary habits in the middle childhood lead to?
Lifetime of sedentary activity, cardiovasc issues, and obesity later on
How young do children express body dissatisfaction now? What can be the cause of this?
5-6 years old
-lack of physical activity and higher instances of obesity/ social pressure
What age range do children generally take more interest in the other gender?
Middle childhood
What age should children have a “conscience”?
6 years old
What are some issues that can impair an ability to use home as a secure base?
Domestic violence, divorce, parental spousal abuse, and mental health problems
What issues can arise form helicopter parenting, and lack of real decision making on the child’s part?
Increased instances of depression and anxiety
What are the characteristics of puberty?
Secondary sex characteristics, increased height, change in body composition, and reproductive capacity
What hormones are the hallmark of puberty?
GnRH, LH and FSH
When can testicular enlargement occur in males? What is this called?
SMR2
As early as 9.5 years old
When does peak growth occur? (Kinda stages)
SMR4
What is the percentage of males who develop breast tissue?
40-65%
When do breast buds appear in pubescent females?
7-12 years old
What are hallmarks of puberty for females?
Ovaries, uterus, labia, and clitoris enlargement
Clear vaginal discharge may be present before menarche
What is the average age of mensuration during female puberty?
12.5 years (9.5-15 years)
What are the contributing factors to menarche?
Genetics (primary)
Adiposity, chronic illness, nutritional status, and physical and psychosocial environment
Increased obesity causes leptin stimulation, which causes earlier and earlier what in female pediatric patients?
Breast formation
What is SMR?
Sexual maturity rating
What is SMR 1 for males?
Preadolescent
What is SMR2 for pubic hair for males?
Scant, long, slight pigmentation
What is SMR2 for testes and penis?
Minimal change and enlargement/ enlarged scrote and altered texture
What is SMR 3 for pubic hair, penis, and testes?
PH: darker, curling, small amount
Penis: Lengthens
Testes: Enlarged
What is male SMR4 for penis, pubic hair, and testes?
Penis: Larger, glans and breadth increase in size
Pubic Hair: Resembles adult type, coarse, curly
Testes: Larger, darker scrote
What is SMR 5 for pubic hair, penis, testes?
Pubic hair: Adult distribution, spread to medial surface of thighs
Penis: adult size
Testes: Adult size
What is female SMR 1 for pubic hair and breasts?
Preadolescent
What is female SMR 2 for pubes and breasts?
Pubic hair: Sparse, lightly pigmented, straight, medial border of labia
Breasts: small mount, incr diameter of areola
What is female SMR3 for pubic hair and breasts?
PH: Darker, curl, incr amount
Breasts: enlarged, no contour separation
What is female SMR4 for pubic hair and breasts?
PH: course, curly, abundant (less than adult)
Breasts: Areola and papilla from 2* mound
What is female SMR 5 for PH and breasts?
Both are adult
PH: medial surface of thighs
Breasts: Mature, nipple projects, areola part of breast contour
