Physiology

Question 1

What vessels deliver blood to the kidney?

Answer 1

Afferent arteriole

Question 2

What does the efferent arteriole contain?

Answer 2

The blood that was not filtered through the glomerulus; contains plasma proteins.

Question 3

What percentage of our body is made up of water?

Answer 3

60% in men

50% in women

Question 4

How much of the body is ICF and how much is ECF?

Answer 4

ICF = 67% ECF = 33%

Question 5

What tracer can be used to measure total body water?

Answer 5

Labelled H20

Question 6

What tracer can be used to measure ECF volume?

Answer 6

Inulin

Question 7

What tracer can be used to measure plasma volume?

Answer 7

Labelled albumin

Question 8

What are the two components of the kidney?

Answer 8

Vascular and tubular

Question 9

What are the two capillary networks in the kidney and what do they each do?

Answer 9

Glomerulus. Brings blood to be filtered by the kidney

Peritubular capillaries. Nourish the renal tissue.

Question 10

What force favours filtration?

Answer 10

Glomerular capillary blood pressure

Question 11

What forces oppose filtration?

Answer 11

Plasma osmotic pressure

Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure

Question 12

Is sodium concentration greater in the ECF or ICF?

Answer 12

ECF

Question 13

Is pottassium concentration greater in the ICF or ECF?

Answer 13

ICF

Question 14

Is chloride concentration higher in the ECF or the ICF?

Answer 14

ECF

Question 15

What are the two components of the ECF?

Answer 15

Plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 16

What is a cation?

Answer 16

positive ion

Question 17

What is an anion?

Answer 17

Negative ion

Question 18

What happens to the osmolarity of the ECF and the ICF if there is a gain of water?

Answer 18

Osmolarity of both the ICF and the ECF will decrease

Question 19

What happens to the osmolarity of the ECF and `ICF if there is an increase in sodium concentration in the ECF?

Answer 19

Osmolarity of ECF will increase but osmolarity of the ICF will decrease. No gain of sodium in the ECF and water drawn out which reduces osmolarity.

Question 20

What is an average GFR?

Answer 20

125ml/min

Question 21

What happens in the kidney when the blood pressure falls too low?

Answer 21

There is sympathetically induced afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction which decreases flow of blood into the glomerulus, lowering GFR.

Question 22

What happens int he kidney when the blood pressure is raised?

Answer 22

There is a reduction is sympathetic activity and resultant vasodilation leading to an increased GFR.

Question 23

What are the two types of nephrons? Which is more common?

Answer 23

Cortical - lie in kidney cortex

Juxtamedullary - glomeruli lies in inner cortex, next to the medulla.

Question 24

What part of the juxtamedullary nephrons actually lie in the medulla?

Answer 24

Loop of henle

Question 25

What percentage of plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered? ~

Answer 25

20%

Question 26

Write an equation calculating how you would work out the filtration of substance X:

Answer 26

Xplasma x GFR

Question 27

Write an equation calculating how you would work out the filtration of substance X:

Answer 27

Xurine x Volume of urine

Question 28

Write an equation calculating the rate of reabsorption of substance X.

Answer 28

Rate of filtration of X - Rate of excretion of X

Question 29

Write an equation calculating the rate of secretion of substance X.

Answer 29

Rate of excretion of X - rate of filtration of X

Question 30

What is the average glomerular capillary blood pressure?

Answer 30

55mmHg

Question 31

What is the average capillary oncotic pressure?

Answer 31

30mmHg

Question 32

What is the average bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 32

15mmHg

Question 33

What is the average bowmans capsule oncotic pressure?

Answer 33

0mmHg

Question 34

What is the major force that induces glomerular filtration?

Answer 34

Glomerular capillary blood pressure

Question 35

Is glomerular capillary blood pressure higher or lower than blood pressure in other capillaries?

Answer 35

Higher

Question 36

What is Kf in relation of the glomerulus?

Answer 36

The filtration coefficient which is an assesment of how "holey" the glomerulus is.

Question 37

What is the equation to work out GFR?

Answer 37

Kf x net filtration pressure