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Renal (Zoe's cards) > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What vessels deliver blood to the kidney?

A

Afferent arteriole

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2
Q

What does the efferent arteriole contain?

A

The blood that was not filtered through the glomerulus; contains plasma proteins.

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3
Q

What percentage of our body is made up of water?

A

60% in men

50% in women

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4
Q

How much of the body is ICF and how much is ECF?

A

ICF = 67% ECF = 33%

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5
Q

What tracer can be used to measure total body water?

A

Labelled H20

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6
Q

What tracer can be used to measure ECF volume?

A

Inulin

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7
Q

What tracer can be used to measure plasma volume?

A

Labelled albumin

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8
Q

What are the two components of the kidney?

A

Vascular and tubular

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9
Q

What are the two capillary networks in the kidney and what do they each do?

A

Glomerulus. Brings blood to be filtered by the kidney

Peritubular capillaries. Nourish the renal tissue.

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10
Q

What force favours filtration?

A

Glomerular capillary blood pressure

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11
Q

What forces oppose filtration?

A

Plasma osmotic pressure

Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure

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12
Q

Is sodium concentration greater in the ECF or ICF?

A

ECF

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13
Q

Is pottassium concentration greater in the ICF or ECF?

A

ICF

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14
Q

Is chloride concentration higher in the ECF or the ICF?

A

ECF

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15
Q

What are the two components of the ECF?

A

Plasma and interstitial fluid

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16
Q

What is a cation?

A

positive ion

17
Q

What is an anion?

A

Negative ion

18
Q

What happens to the osmolarity of the ECF and the ICF if there is a gain of water?

A

Osmolarity of both the ICF and the ECF will decrease

19
Q

What happens to the osmolarity of the ECF and `ICF if there is an increase in sodium concentration in the ECF?

A

Osmolarity of ECF will increase but osmolarity of the ICF will decrease. No gain of sodium in the ECF and water drawn out which reduces osmolarity.

20
Q

What is an average GFR?

A

125ml/min

21
Q

What happens in the kidney when the blood pressure falls too low?

A

There is sympathetically induced afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction which decreases flow of blood into the glomerulus, lowering GFR.

22
Q

What happens int he kidney when the blood pressure is raised?

A

There is a reduction is sympathetic activity and resultant vasodilation leading to an increased GFR.

23
Q

What are the two types of nephrons? Which is more common?

A

Cortical - lie in kidney cortex

Juxtamedullary - glomeruli lies in inner cortex, next to the medulla.

24
Q

What part of the juxtamedullary nephrons actually lie in the medulla?

A

Loop of henle

25
Q

What percentage of plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered? ~

A

20%

26
Q

Write an equation calculating how you would work out the filtration of substance X:

A

Xplasma x GFR

27
Q

Write an equation calculating how you would work out the filtration of substance X:

A

Xurine x Volume of urine

28
Q

Write an equation calculating the rate of reabsorption of substance X.

A

Rate of filtration of X - Rate of excretion of X

29
Q

Write an equation calculating the rate of secretion of substance X.

A

Rate of excretion of X - rate of filtration of X

30
Q

What is the average glomerular capillary blood pressure?

A

55mmHg

31
Q

What is the average capillary oncotic pressure?

A

30mmHg

32
Q

What is the average bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure?

A

15mmHg

33
Q

What is the average bowmans capsule oncotic pressure?

A

0mmHg

34
Q

What is the major force that induces glomerular filtration?

A

Glomerular capillary blood pressure

35
Q

Is glomerular capillary blood pressure higher or lower than blood pressure in other capillaries?

A

Higher

36
Q

What is Kf in relation of the glomerulus?

A

The filtration coefficient which is an assesment of how “holey” the glomerulus is.

37
Q

What is the equation to work out GFR?

A

Kf x net filtration pressure

Renal (Zoe's cards) (21 decks)

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