Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3-4 Transition Block > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is a normal value for the FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

> 75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the value for FEV1/FVC in asthma and what can change this?

A

<75%

reversibility response to bronchodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the value of FEV1/FVC that is diagnostic for COPD?

A

<70% post bronchodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is considered to be mild COPD on the GOLD classification?

A

FEV1 >80% predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is considered to be moderate COPD on the GOLD classification?

A

FEV1 50-79% predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is considered to be severe COPD on the GOLD classification?

A

FEV1 30-49% predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is considered to be very severe COPD on the GOLD classification?

A

FEV1 <30% predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what effect can obesity have on the functional residual capacity?

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what effect does COPD have on functional residual capacity?

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what lung volumes and capacities cannot be measured by spirometry?

A

residual volume
functional residual capacity
total lung capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the tidal volume (TV)?

A

volume of air entering or leaving lungs during a single breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

A

extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired over and above the typical resting tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

A

extra volume of air that can be actively expired by maximal contraction beyond the normal volume of air after a resting tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the residual volume (RV)?

A

the minimum volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a maximal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the inspiratory capacity (IC)?

A

maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal quiet expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is inspiratory capacity calculated?

A

inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume

17
Q

what is the functional residual capacity?

A

volume of at the end of normal passive expiration

18
Q

how do you calculate the functional residual capacity?

A

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

19
Q

what is the vital capacity?

A

the minimum volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath following a maximal inspiration

20
Q

how do you calculate vital capacity?

A

inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

21
Q

what is the total lung capacity?

A

total volume of air the lungs can hold

22
Q

how do you calculate the total lung capacity?

A

TLC = VC + RV

23
Q

what effect does increasing partial pressure have on the rate of gas transfer?

A

increases rate of transfer

24
Q

what effect does increasing diffusion coefficient have on the rate of gas transfer?

A

increases rate of transfer

25
Q

what effect does increasing surface area of the alveolar membrane have on the rate of gas transfer?

A

increases rate of transfer

26
Q

what effect does increasing thickness of the alveolar membrane have on the rate of gas transfer?

A

decreases rate of transfer

27
Q

what is pulmonary compliance?

A

a measure of the effort that has to go into stretching the lungs

the change in lung volume per unit change in the transmural pressure gradient across the lung wall

28
Q

what does reduced pulmonary compliance mean?

A

more work needed to inflate the lungs

29
Q

name some things that can cause decreased pulmonary compliance

A 
pulmonary fibrosis 
oedema 
lung collapse 
pneumonia 
lack of surfactant
30
Q

what symptom does a lack of pulmonary compliance cause?

A

SOB - especially on exertion

31
Q

what can be seen on spirometry in a patient with decreased pulmonary compliance?

A

restrictive pattern

32
Q

what effect can giving excessive oxygen have on COPD patients?

A

can lead to hypercapnic respiratory failure due to CO2 retention

33
Q

what is the target SaO2 in patients with COPD?

A

88-92%

34
Q

name a condition that can cause abnormal increase of pulmonary compliance

A

emphysema (COPD)

35
Q

what effect does increasing age have on compliance?

A

compliance increases as you become older

36
Q

what is CaO2?

A

the oxygen content of arterial blood

37
Q

how is CaO2 determined and what is the equation for this?

A

by the Hb concentration and the Hb saturation

CaO2 = 1.34 x [Hb] x SaO2

38
Q

what three things can impair oxygen delivery to the tissues?

A

respiratory disease
heart failure
anaemia

Y3-4 Transition Block (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions