Microbiology

Question 1

what is colonisation?

Answer 1

the presence of a microbe in the human body without an inflammatory response

Question 2

what is infection?

Answer 2

inflammation due to a microbe

Question 3

what is bacteraemia?

Answer 3

the presence of viable bacteria in the blood

Question 4

what is sepsis?

Answer 4

the systemic inflammatory response to infection

Question 5

name three gram positive URT colonisers

Answer 5

strep pneumoniae
strep pyogenes
staph aureus

Question 6

what is the most common cause of CAP?

Answer 6

strep pnuemoniae

Question 7

name three risk factors for CAP

Answer 7

increasing age
immunocompromise
smoking

Question 8

what group of strep is strep pyogenes in?

Answer 8

group a (GAS)

Question 9

what is acute otitis media?

Answer 9

URTI involving the middle ear by extension of infection up the eustachian tube

Question 10

what are the most common bacterial causes of infections of the middle ear?

Answer 10

h influenzae
strep pneumoniae
strep pyogenes

Question 11

what antibiotics are used when needed for infections of the middle ear?

Answer 11

1. amoxicillin

2. erythromycin

Question 12

when are antibiotics given for acute sinusitis?

Answer 12

severe or deteriorating cases of more than 10 days

Question 13

what antibiotics are given for acute sinusitis?

Answer 13

1. phenoxymethylpenicillin

2. doxycycline - NOT IN CHILDREN

Question 14

what topical antibiotic is usually used for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 14

chloramphenicol QDS

Question 15

when should chloramphenicol use be avoided?

Answer 15

allergy

aplastic anaemia

Question 16

name three causes of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 16

staph aureus
strep pneumoniae
h influenzae

Question 17

name three causes of viral conjunctivitis

Answer 17

adenovirus
herpes simplex
herpes zoster

Question 18

how does genital candida present?

Answer 18

intensely itchy

white vaginal discharge

Question 19

how is genital candida diagnosed?

Answer 19

clinical diagnosis

high vaginal swab for culture

Question 20

how is genital candida managed?

Answer 20

topical clotrimazole pessary or cream

oral fluconazole

Question 21

how is acute bacterial prostatitis managed?

Answer 21

ciprofloxacin for 28 days

trimethoprim if high C diff risk

Question 22

how is pubic lice treated?

Answer 22

malathion lotion

Question 23

what do macrolides target?

Answer 23

protein synthesis

Question 24

how do penicillin’s work?

Answer 24

break down bacterial cell walls

Question 25

what do tetracyclines do?

Answer 25

target protein synthesis