Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3-4 Transition Block > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the minimum effective concentration (MEC)?

A

the concentration a drug must reach in plasma to be effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the maximum tolerated concentration (MTC)?

A

the concentration of a drug in plasma that will cause unwanted side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is a drugs therapeutic ratio (TR) calculated?

A

MTC/MEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

do safer drugs have high or low TRs?

A

high

unsafe = low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is ED50?

A

the median effective dose of a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is TD50?

A

the median toxic dose of a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is LD50?

A

the median lethal dose of a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when does a drug interaction occur?

A

when the effects of one drug are increased/decreased by the administration of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe a pharmacodynamic drug interaction

A

drug A modifies the effect of drug B, without altering its concentration in tissue fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which type of drug interaction is more predictable?

A

pharmacodynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe a pharmacokinetic drug interaction

A

drug A modifies the concentration of drug B that reaches its site of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name a drug that can increase rate of emptying of the stomach

A

metoclopramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name a drug that can decrease the rate of emptying of the stomach

A

atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can antibiotics cause failure of contraception?

A

enterohepatic recirculation of oral contraceptives may be reduced by antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what effect does phenytoin have on the efficacy of warfarin?

A

decreases by inducing enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what effect does cimetidine have on warfarin?

A

increases efficacy by inhibiting enzymes

17
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between simvastatin and grapefruit juice?

A

myopathy

18
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between warfarin and clarithromycin?

A

enhanced anticoagulation

19
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between phenytoin and omeprazole?

A

phenytoin toxicity

20
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between azathioprine and allopurinol?

A

azathioprine toxicity

21
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between catacholamines and MOA inhibitors?

A

hypertensive crisis

22
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between ciclosporin and st johns wort?

A

loss of immunosuppression

23
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between lithium and diuretics?

A

lithium toxicity

24
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between methotrexate and NSAIDs?

A

methotrexate toxicity

25
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between salbutamol and atenalol?

A

inhibits the bronchodilator effect

26
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between benzodiazepines and alcohol?

A

increased sedation + risk of falls

27
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between ACEis and NSAIDs?

A

increased risk of renal impairment

28
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between digoxin and diuretics?

A

digoxin toxicity

29
Q

what is the result of the drug interaction between warfarin and aspirin/NSAIDs?

A

increased risk of bleeding

30
Q

what effect do competitive inhibitors have on Km and Vmax?

A

high Km

same Vmax

31
Q

what effect do non competitive inhibitors have on Km and Vmax?

A

same Km

low Vmax

32
Q

what is the extraction ratio (ER) of a drug?

A

the rate of drug removal from the bloodstream relative to the rate of drug delivery to the liver

33
Q

what effect does reduced synthesis of plasma proteins due to liver disease have on drugs?

A

increased toxicity of highly protein bound drugs with low TRs

i.e. phenytoin

34
Q

what effect does reduced synthesis of clotting factors due to liver disease have on drugs?

A

enhanced sensitivity to oral anti-coagulants

35
Q

what effects can drugs have on hepatic encephalopthy?

A

can be worsened or precipitated

sedatives, opioids

36
Q

what effect can drugs have on ascites?

A

may be worsened by drugs that cause fluid retention such as NSAIDs

Y3-4 Transition Block (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions