Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiological Psychology > Physiological Psychology: Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Physiological Psychology: Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Ablation

A

removal of a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anterior Commissure

A

set of axons connecting the two cerebral hemispheres; smaller than the corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

set of neurons that regulates functioning of the internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

set of subcortical forebrain structures lateral to the hypothalamus, including the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bell-Magendie Law

A

observation that the dorsal roots of the spinal cord carry sensory information and that the ventral roots carry motor information toward the muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Binding Problem

A

question of how the visual, auditory, and other areas of the brain influence one another to produce a combined perception of a single object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brainstem

A

hindbrain, midbrain, and posterior central structures of the forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Central Canal

A

fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Central Sulcus

A

large groove in the surface of the primate cerebral cortex, separating frontal from parietal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cerebellum

A

highly convoluted structure in the hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

outer covering of the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

liquid similar to blood serum, found in the ventricles of the brain and in the central canal of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Computerized Axial Tomography (CT or CAT Scan)

A

method of visualizing a living brain by injecting a dye into the blood and then passing x-rays through the head and recording them by detectors on the other side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

large set of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

part of a set of nerves controlling sensory and motor information of the head, connecting to nuclei in the medulla, pons, midbrain, or forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Delayed-Response Task

A

assignment in which an animal must respond on the basis of a signal that it remembers but that is no longer present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dorsal

A

located toward the back, away from the ventral (stomach) side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia

A

set of sensory neuron somata on the dorsal side of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

device that measures the brain’s electrical activity through electrodes on the scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Evoked Potentials/Evoked Responses

A

electrical activity of the brain in response to a stimulus, as recorded from the scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Forebrain

A

most anterior part of the brain, including the cerebral cortex and other structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

section of cerebral cortex extending from the central sulcus to the anterior limit of the brain, containing the primary motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A

modified version of MRI that measures energies released by hemoglobin molecules in an MRI scan and then determines the brain areas receiving the greatest supply of blood and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Gene-Knockout Approach
use of biochemical methods to direct a mutation to a particular gene that is important for certain types of cells, transmitters, or receptors
26
Gray Matter
areas of the nervous system with a high density of cell bodies and dendrites, with few myelinated axons
27
Hindbrain
most posterior part of the brain, including the medulla, pons, and cerebellum
28
Hippocampus
large forebrain structure between the thalamus and cortex
29
Hypothalamus
forebrain structure near the base of the brain just ventral to the thalamus
30
Inferior Colliculus
swelling on each side of the tectum in the midbrain
31
Klüver-Bucy Syndrome
condition in which monkeys with damaged temporal lobes fail to display normal fears and anxieties
32
Lamina
layer of cell bodies parallel to the surface of the cortex and separated from other laminae by layers of fibers
33
Lesion
layer of cell bodies parallel to the surface of the cortex and separated from other laminae by layers of fibers
34
Limbic System
set of forebrain areas traditionally regarded as critical for emotion, which form a border around the brainstem, including the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex, and several other smaller structures
35
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
method of imaging a living brain by using a magnetic field and a radio frequency field to make atoms with odd atomic weights all rotate in the same direction and then removing those fields and measuring the energy that the atoms release
36
Magnetoencephalograph (MEG)
device that measures the faint magnetic fields generated by the brain's activity
37
Medulla
hindbrain structure located just above the spinal cord; the medulla could be regarded as an enlarged, elaborated extension of the spinal cord
38
Meninges
membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
39
Midbrain
middle part of the brain, including superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, tectum, and tegmentum
40
Neuroanatomy
anatomy of the nervous system
41
Nucleus Basalis
area on the dorsal surface of the forebrain; a major source of axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex
42
Occipital Lobe
posterior (caudal) section of the cerebral cortex
43
Parasympathetic Nervous System
system of nerves that facilitate vegetative, nonemergency responses by the body's organs
44
Parietal Lobe
section of the cerebral cortex between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus
45
Peripheral Nervous System
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
46
Phrenology
pseudoscience that claimed a relationship between skull anatomy and behavioral capacities
47
Pituitary Gland
endocrine gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus
48
Pons
hindbrain structure, anterior and ventral to the medulla
49
Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)
method of mapping activity in a living brain by recording the emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals
50
Postcentral Gyrus
gyrus of the cerebral cortex just posterior to the central gyrus; a primary projection site for touch and other body sensations
51
Prefrontal Cortex
anterior portion of the frontal lobe of the cortex, which responds mostly to the sensory stimuli that signal the need for a movement
52
Prefrontal Lobotomy
surgical disconnection of the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
53
Primate
order of mammals that includes humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and others
54
Raphe System
group of neurons in the pons and medulla whose axons extend throughout much of the forebrain
55
Reticular Formation
network of neurons in the medulla and other parts of the brainstem; the descending portion controls motor areas of the spinal cord; the ascending portion selectively increases arousal and attention in various forebrain areas
56
Sham Lesion
control procedure for an experiment, in which an investigator inserts an electrode into a brain but does not pass a current
57
Somatic Nervous System
nerves that convey messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to muscles and glands
58
Spinal Cord
part of the CNS found within the spinal column; it communicates with the sense organs and muscles below the level of the head
59
Stereotaxic Instrument
device for the precise placement of electrodes in the head
60
Substantia Nigra
midbrain area that gives rise to a dopamine-containing pathway
61
Superior Colliculus
swelling on either side of the tectum, responsible for certain aspects of vision, including eye movements
62
Sympathetic Nervous System
network of nerves that prepare the body's organs for vigorous activity
63
Tectum
roof of the midbrain
64
Tegmentum
intermediate level of the midbrain
65
Temporal Lobe
lateral portion of each hemisphere, near the temples
66
Thalamus
structure in the center of the forebrain
67
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp to influence the neurons below the magnet
68
Ventral
located toward the stomach, away from the back (dorsal) side
69
Ventricle
any of the four fluid-filled cavities in the brain
70
White Matter
area of the nervous system consisting mostly of myelinated axons

Physiological Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions