Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiological Psychology > Physiological Psychology: Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Physiological Psychology: Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

2-AG (sn-2 Arachidonylglycerol)

A

chemical that is produced in large quantities by the brain and that attaches to cannabinoid receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acetylcholine

A

chemical similar to an amino acid, except that the NH2 group has been replaced by an N(CH3)3 group; a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

enzyme that breaks acetylcholine into acetate and choline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Affinity

A

tendency of a drug to bind to a particular type of receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Agonist

A

drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alcoholism

A

inability to quit drinking or to limit intake of alcohol in spite of strong intentions to do so

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amino Acids

A

acids containing an amine group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Amphetamine

A

stimulant drug that increases the release of dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anandamide

A

naturally occurring brain chemical that binds to the same receptors as cannabinoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antagonist

A

drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

portion of the pituitary gland, composed of glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Autoreceptor

A

presynaptic receptor that is stimulated by the neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic cell itself, feeding back to decrease further release of the transmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cannabinoids

A

chemicals related to ”9THC, the component of marijuana that alters experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Catecholamines

A

compounds such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine that contain both catechol and an amine (NH2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cocaine

A

stimulant drug that increases the stimulation of dopamine synapses by blocking the reuptake of dopamine by the presynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

COMT (Catechol-O-methyltransferase )

A

enzyme that converts catecholamines into synaptically inactive forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dopamine Transporter

A

membrane protein that enables the presynaptic neuron to reabsorb dopamine after releasing it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Efficacy

A

tendency of a drug to activate a particular kind of receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

structure that releases hormones into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

A

graded depolarization of a neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Exocytosis

A

excretion of neurotransmitter through the membrane of a presynaptic terminal and into the synaptic cleft between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

G-protein

A

protein coupled to GTP (guanosine triphosphate, an energy-storing molecule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gases

A

one of the categories of neurotransmitters, including nitric oxide and possibly others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hallucinogenic Drugs

A

drugs that grossly distort perception, such as LSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hormone
chemical secreted by glands and conveyed by the blood to other organs
26
Inhibitory Postsyaptic Potential (IPSP)
temporary hyperpolarization of a membrane
27
Ionotropic Effect
synaptic effect that depends on the rapid opening of some kind of gate in the membrane
28
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
enzyme that converts catecholamines and serotonin into synaptically inactive forms
29
Metabotropic Effect
effect at a synapse that produces a relatively slow but long-lasting eff ect through metabolic reactions
30
Methadone
chemical similar to heroin and morphine but often given as a substitute because it can be taken orally, in which case its effects rise and fall more slowly
31
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
stimulant drug that increases the stimulation of dopamine synapses by blocking the reuptake of dopamine by the presynaptic neuron
32
Monoamine
nonacidic neurotransmitter containing an amine group (NH2), formed by a metabolic change of certain amino acids
33
Neuropeptide
chemical formed of a chain of amino acids; released by a neuron to diff use widely, aff ecting many other neurons
34
Neurotransmitter
chemical released by neurons that affects other neurons
35
Nicotine
drug found in tobacco that, among other effects, stimulates certain acetylcholine receptors
36
Nitric Oxide
gas released by many small neurons; alters blood flow as well as neuronal activity
37
Opiate Drugs
class of drugs derived from, or similar to those derived from, opium poppies
38
Oxytocin
hormone released by the posterior pituitary; also a neurotransmitter; important for sexual and parental behaviors
39
Peptide Hormone
hormone composed of a short chain of amino acids
40
Pituitary Gland
endocrine gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus
41
Posterior Pituitary
portion of the pituitary gland, which releases hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus
42
Postsynaptic Neuron
neuron on the receiving end of a synapse
43
Presynaptic Neuron
neuron on the releasing end of a synapse
44
Protein Hormone
hormone composed of a long chain of amino acids
45
Purine
category of chemicals including adenosine
46
Reflex
consistent, automatic response to a stimulus
47
Reflex Arc
circuit of neurons from the sensory neurons to muscle responses that produces a reflex
48
Releasing Hormone
hormone released by the hypothalamus that fl ows through the blood to the anterior pituitary
49
Reuptake
reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by the presynaptic terminal
50
Second Messenger
chemical within a neuron that, when activated by a neurotransmitter, initiates processes that carry messages to several areas within the neuron
51
Self-Stimulation of the Brain
behavior that is reinforced by direct electrical stimulation of a brain area
52
Spatial Summation
combination of effects of activity from two or more synapses onto a single neuron
53
Spontaneous Firing Rate
periodic production of action potentials by a neuron in the absence of synaptic input
54
Stimulant Drugs
drugs that tend to produce excitement, alertness, elevated mood, decreased fatigue, and sometimes increased motor activity
55
Synapse
point of communication at the gap between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle
56
Temporal Summation
cumulative effect as a result of repeated synaptic stimulation within a brief time
57
Transmitter-Gated Channel
ion channel that opens temporarily when a neurotransmitter binds to it
58
Transporter
membrane protein responsible for the reuptake of a neurotransmitter after its release
59
Type I Alcoholism
generally less severe type of alcohol abuse with a gradual onset and only a weak genetic predisposition; occurs about equally in men and women
60
Type II Alcoholism
severe alcohol abuse with a strong genetic basis and rapid onset early in life; much more common in men
61
Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone)
pituitary hormone that raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water and therefore to secrete highly concentrated urine
62
Vesicles
tiny, nearly spherical packets near the axon terminals filled with the neurotransmitter
63
”9tetrahydrocannabinol (”9THC)
chemical found in the leaves of marijuana plants

Physiological Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions