Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs. Monthly ovarian cycle. Functions of the ovarian hormones

Question 1

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - external 1

Answer 1

mons pubis

fatty tissue pad containing hair coating over the pubic bone

Question 2

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - external 2

Answer 2

labia majora

large major lips from mons pubis to perineum

contain sebaceous sweat glands

Question 3

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - external 3

Answer 3

labia minora

small minor lips inside labia majora

contain vesibule/ VAN

Question 4

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - external 4

Answer 4

clitoris

highly sensitive erectile tissue
used in sexual arousal

Question 5

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - external 5

Answer 5

vestibulae

enclosed within labia minora
contains urethral opening

Question 6

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - external 6

Answer 6

bartholin gland

bilateral glands of vagina
secrete mucus to lubricate vagina

Question 7

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - external 7

Answer 7

urethral opening

urine release

Question 8

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - internal 1

Answer 8

vagina

muscular tubular structure
- intercourse
- passage of menstrual blood
- delivery of baby

Question 9

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - internal 2

Answer 9

uterus = hollow organ

endometrium = inner lining which sheds in menstrual cycle
myometrium = middle lining which contracts in labour
perimetrium = outer lining

Question 10

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - internal 3

Answer 10

fallopian tube

narrow tubes extending from uterus to ovaries

site of fertilisation where sperm meets egg

Question 11

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - internal 4

Answer 11

ovaries

• produce oocytes = oogenesis
• produce estrogen/ progesterone

Question 12

Physiologic anatomy of the female sexual organs - internal 5

Answer 12

cervix

connection of uterus to vagina
producing mucus
- menstrual cycle
- sperm passage

Question 13

ovarian cycle - phase 1

Answer 13

phase 1 = follicular phase

day 1-13

menstruation starts

hypothalamus produces gonadotropin releasing hormone GTRH

interacts with hypophyseal portal system of APG to release LH/FSH

follicles growth + mature + 1 dominates
- estradiol to release
- thickening of endometrium lining

Question 14

ovarian cycle - phase 2

Answer 14

ovulation = day 14

estradiol levels peak causing LH secretion

LH causes an egg to be released from the dominant follicle

egg travels from ovary to uterus

Question 15

ovarian cycle - phase 3

Answer 15

LUTEAL PHASE

day 15
corpus luteum
- secretes progesterone + estrogen
- strengthens endometrial lining
- prevent more follice action

day 28
corpus luteum degenerates
- less progesterone/ estrogen
- weak endometrial lining
= menstruation

Question 16

functions of ovarian hormones - 1

Answer 16

PUBERTY = secondary characteristics

• breast growth
• hips widen
• pubic hair grows
• menstrual cycle

Question 17

functions of ovarian hormones - 2

Answer 17

estogen
- produced by corpus luteum

increases osteoclast activity for bone growth

Question 18

functions of ovarian hormones - 3

Answer 18

progesterone
- released from corpus luteum

supports uterine environment during pregnancy by preventing immunity rejection from embyro

Question 19

functions of ovarian hormones - 4

Answer 19

inhibin

produced by granulosa cells of corpus luteum

inhibits secretion of FSH from APG to prevent overstimulation of ovaries

Question 20

functions of ovarian hormones - 5

Answer 20

relaxin

produced by corpus luteum
released during pregnancy
- relax uterine muscles for childbirth
- make pubis symphysis/ pelvic joints flexible