Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organs. Secretion, functions and control of male sex hormones

Question 1

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - external 1

Answer 1

penis made of 3 erectile tissues controlled by ANS

• x2 corpora cavernosa
• x1 corpora spongiosa

filled with blood during sexual arousal = erection

Question 2

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - external 2

Answer 2

glans penis

• bulbous structure on the end of penis
• covered in prepuce foreskin on uncircumised males

Question 3

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - external 3

Answer 3

urethra
- external orifice from glands penis centre
- semen ejection
- urine expulsion

Question 4

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - external 4

Answer 4

scrotum

= skin pouch
- protects the testes
- temperature regulation needed for optimal sperm production

Question 5

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - internal 1

Answer 5

testes

glands located inside scrotum

• produce sperm via semiferous tubules
• secrete testosterone via interstitial leydig cells

Question 6

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - internal 2

Answer 6

epididymis

• coiled tube located behind each testes
• needed for sperm maturation

Question 7

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - internal 3

Answer 7

vas deferens

• muscular tube
• connects epididymis to ejaculatory ducts

Question 8

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - internal 4

Answer 8

ejaculatory ducts

formed by fusion of vas deferens + seminal vesicle

transport sperm out of urethra

Question 9

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - internal 5

Answer 9

seminal vesicles

glands that secrete fructose fluid needed for sperm energy

Question 10

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - internal 6

Answer 10

prostate gland

located below bladder
functions to neutralise acidity of vagina during intercourse

Question 11

Physiologic anatomy of male sexual organ - internal 7

Answer 11

cowpers gland

located below prostate
- neutralise acidic urine residues left behind

Question 12

secretion of male sex hormone - step 1

Answer 12

secretion of testosterone controlled by hypothalamus

Question 13

secretion of male sex hormone - step 2

Answer 13

hypothalamus produces gonadotropin releasing hormone GTRH

Question 14

secretion of male sex hormone - step 3

Answer 14

GTRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland using hypophyseal portal system to release LH + FSH

Question 15

secretion of male sex hormone - step 4

Answer 15

LH + FSH in bloodstream
- LH activates leydig interstitial cells to produce testosterone
- FSH activates semifenerous tubules to produce sperm

Question 16

function of male sex hormones - 1

Answer 16

PUBERTY = secondary characteristics:

• hair growth
• sexual arousal
• mood swings
• deep voice

Question 17

function of male sex hormones - 2

Answer 17

testosterone distributes fat + muscle around body

Question 18

function of male sex hormones - 3

Answer 18

testosterone maintains bone density/ muscle mass/ RBC production

Question 19

function of male sex hormones - 4

Answer 19

spermatogenesis =

1 = spermatogonia
2 = primary spermatocytes
3 = secondary spermatocytes
4 = spermatids
4 = mature sperm

Question 20

function of male sex hormones - 5

Answer 20

sufficient testosterone needed for mood/ cognition/ memory

Question 21

control of male sex hormones - 1

Answer 21

negative feedback mechanism

Question 22

control of male sex hormones - 2

Answer 22

testosterone declines from age 30

Question 23

control of male sex hormones - 3

Answer 23

testosterone displays diurnal variation
- high in morning
- declined throughout day