Local hormones. Function of the pineal gland Flashcards
local hormone - mechanism 1
paracine signalling
chemical messenger system that releases hormone from main cell to nearby target cell
nitric oxide/ prostaglandins
local hormone - mechanism 2
autocrine signalling
chemical messenger system that acts on the cell its released from
- interleukins for immune cells
local hormones - 1
RAAS
local hormones - 2
PROSTAGLANDIN
- produced by arachnadoic acid by COX-1 and COX-2
- tells hypothalamus to increase temperature during fever
- vasodilation during inflammatory response
- regulation of platelet aggregation/ uterine contraction
local hormones - 3
HISTAMINE
basophils release histamines during allergic reaction
- increase bloodflow to site of damage by smooth muscle contraction
- increasing vascular permeability
local hormones - 4
NITRIC OXIDE
- produced by endothelial cells
- causes smooth muscles to relax = vasodilation = regulate blood pressure/ perfusion
- neurotransmitter in the brain in cognitive function
local hormones - 5
ENDOTHELIN
- produced by endothelial cells
- vasoconstriction = high BP
local hormones - 6
ADENOSINE
- acts on AV node to slow down heart rate
- inhibitory neurotransmitter in circadian rhythm
local hormone - 7
growth factors
- epidermal growth factor = growth/ proliferation
- platelet derived growth factor = tissue repair
pineal gland - 1
LOCATION
pineal gland is located
- centre of brain
- in epithalamus
- posterior part of third ventricle
pineal gland - 1
primary function = production of melatonin when it gets dark involved in the sleep-wake cycle
pineal gland - 2
melatonin had anti-oxidative properties to protect cells from ROS species
pineal gland - 3
more melatonin during winter due to more dark
= seasonal affective disorder = depression due to lack of sunlight
pineal gland - 4
serotonin -> n-acetyl serotonin -> melatonin
- higher at night than in the day
pineal gland - 5
regulation = suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
recieves light from retina -> retinahypothalamic tract
