Adrenal glands. Function of the adrenal medullae Catecholamines – effects and regulation of their secretion

Question 1

adrenal medulla - intro

Answer 1

made of chromaffin cells which produce catecholamines

located on on each kidney

innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurones part of SNS

Question 2

adrenal medulla - hormones

Answer 2

adrenaline = 80% secretions
noradrenaline = 20% secretions

Question 3

Catecholamines- function 1

Answer 3

ACTIVATION

sympathetic - noradrenaline for fight-flight response

Question 4

Catecholamines- function 2

Answer 4

METABOLIC EFFECTS

• increase in glyconeolysis + gluconeogensis = more glucose
• increase lipolysis = triglyceride -> diacylglyceride + fatty acids

more to provide energy

Question 5

Catecholamines - function 3

Answer 5

CIRCULATORY SYSTSM

beta adrenergic receptors + noradrenaline = increase heartate/ CO/ blood pressure/ contracility

Question 6

Catecholamines - function 4

Answer 6

NERVOUS SYSTEM

due to stress, pupils will dilate for better vision

Question 7

Catecholamines - function 5

Answer 7

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

sympathetic - cortisol/ sweat produced

Question 8

Catecholamines - function 6

Answer 8

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

bronchodilation to increase airflow for panicked breathing

Question 9

Catecholamines - function 7

Answer 9

RENAL SYSTEM

loss of urinary bladder control = micurition

Question 10

Catecholamines - function 8

Answer 10

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

sympathetic = inhibits GI system

Question 11

Catecholamines synthesis

Answer 11

SYNTHESIS

Question 12

Catecholamines - inactivation

Answer 12

Question 13

dopamine - function 1

Question 14

dopamine - synthesis

Answer 14

tyrosine -> L-DOPA -> dopamine

Question 15

dopamine - inactivation

Answer 15

dopamine -> 3,4 dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid -> homovanillic acid

1 = MAO Monoamine oxidase
2 = COMT Catechol-O-methyltransferase

Question 16

dopamine - function 1

Answer 16

nigrostriatal pathway =

controlling movements by acting on basal ganglia for producing smooth/ voluntary movements

Question 17

dopamine - function 2

Answer 17

mesolimbic pathway = reward system when experiencing pleasure like food/ winning/ praise

Question 18

dopamine - function 3

Answer 18

depression
low dopamine = depression

Question 19

dopamine - function 4

Answer 19

mesocorticol pathway
= memory/ focus/ attention

Question 20

dopamine - function 5

Answer 20

kidneys

increases blood flow to kidneys

Question 21

dopamine - function 6

Answer 21

inhibits prolactin release from APG

Question 22

dopamine - function 7

Answer 22

increases HR