[PHYSIO] POSTURE & EQUILIBRIUM Flashcards
Spinal reflexes (4)
Stretch reflex
Positive supporting reaction
Crossed extensor reflex
Stepping reflex
Medullary reflexes
Neck statotonic reflexes
Labyrinth statotonic reflexes
Midbrain reflexes
Labyrinth righting reflexes
Neck on body righting reflexes
Head on body righting reflexes
Body on body righting reflexes
Cortical reflexes
Visual righting reflexes
Placong reaction
Hopping reaction
Pathological causes of nystagmus
Neocerebellar lesion
Meniere’s disease
Retinal defect
Lesions in labyrinth/ vestibular pathway
Physiological causes of nystagmus
Rotatory
Optokinetic
Nervous pathways of vertigo
1.Vestibulo-cerebello-thalamo-cortical
2.Vestibulo-reticulo-thalamo-cortical
Nervous pathways of nystagmus
Vestibulo-ocular tract to III, IV, VI
Membrane potential of hair cells during rest
-60mV
Methods of stimulation of SCCs
Mechanical
Caloric
Electrical
Nervous connections of labyrinth
1.MLB= Vestibulo-ocular tract
2.Cortex
3.Cerebelleum= vestibulo-cerebellar
4. RF= vestibulo-reticular
5. SC= vestibulospinal &reticulospinal
Macula is maintains posture during
Linear acceleration
Crista is maintains posture during
Angular acceleration
Utricle responds to
Horizontal acceleration
Saccule responds to
Vertical acceleration
Postural reflexes of macula
Righting reflexes
Labyrinth statotonic reflexes
Postural reflexes of crista
Vestibulo-ocular
Macula responds to
Otolith displacement by gravity
Crista responds to
Bending of cilia due to Cupulae deflection
Receptors for equilibrium are present in
Proprioceptors= muscles, tendons
Visual=Rods & cones
Vestibular=non auditory labyrinth
Cutaneous
