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SPECIAL SENSE > [PHARMA] DRUG THERAPY OF GLAUCOMA > Flashcards

[PHARMA] DRUG THERAPY OF GLAUCOMA Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of glaucoma tratment

A

stop or slow disease progression

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2
Q

success of glaucoma therapy is determined by

A

IOP lowering efficacy
no side effects
patient compliance

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3
Q

DOC in emergencies

A

Pilocarpine

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4
Q

DOC in chronic cases

A

Timolol + Betaxolol

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5
Q

DOC in resistant cases

A

Echothiopate

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6
Q

onset of BB

A

30 minutes

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7
Q

BB effect lasts for

A

12-24h

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8
Q

Timolol/Betaxolol mechanism of action

A

block β2 on ciliary epithelium to decrease formation of aqueous humor

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9
Q

advantages of Timolol & Betaxolol

A

doesn’t affect near vision
doesn’t affect pupil size

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10
Q

adverse effects of Timolol/Betaxolol

A

ocular irritation
bronchospasm
bradycardia
CHF

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11
Q

βB are contraindicated in

A

cardiac patients

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12
Q

Apraclonidine mechanism of action

A

activates α2 receptor on ciliary epithelium to decrease formation of aqueous humor

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13
Q

adverse effects of Apraclonidine

A

red eye
ocular irritation
allergy
Malaise, headaches

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14
Q

Epinephrine should NEVER be given in case of?

Why?

A

acute closed-angle glaucoma.

because of its mydriatic effect

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15
Q

epinephrine CAN be used in case of?

A

open angle glaucoma
decreases aqueous formation & increases uveoscleral outflow

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16
Q

direct cholinomimetics

A

Pilocarpine
Carbachol

17
Q

indirect cholinomimetics

A

Echothiopate

18
Q

Pilocarpine mechanism of action

A

opens trabecular meshwork around Canal of Schlemm–>immediate IOP drop thru increased drainage

19
Q

Pilocarpine effect lasts for

A

4-8h

20
Q

adverse effects of Pilocarpine

A

Eye/ brow pain
Blurred vision
Increased myopia
Increased lacrimation
Headaches
Eyelid twitches

21
Q

drug causing spasm of accommodation

A

Pilocarpine

22
Q

Latanoprost mechanism of action

A

increase uveoscleral outflow by activating FP receptor

23
Q

advantages of Latanoprost

A

NO cardiovascular/ pulmonary side effects

24
Q

adverse effects of Latanoprost

A

Red eye
ocular irritation
increased eyelash growth
increased iris pigmentation

25
Q

example of systemic CA inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide

26
Q

example of topical CA inhibitor

A

Dorzolamide

27
Q

drug causing increased eyelash growth and iris pigmentation

A

latanoprost

28
Q

CA inhibitors mechanism of action

A

blocks CA enzyme to reduce aqueous formation

29
Q

adverse effects of CA inhibitors

A

Transient myopia
Nausea, diarrhea, appetite & taste loss
Renal stones

30
Q

drugs causing renal stones in oral forms

A

CA inhibitors

31
Q

drug causing increased myopia and blurring of vision

A

Cholinomimetics

32
Q

drugs causing cardiovascular and pulmonary side effects

A

βB

SPECIAL SENSE (12 decks)

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