[PHARMA] DRUG THERAPY OF GLAUCOMA

Question 1

Goal of glaucoma tratment

Answer 1

stop or slow disease progression

Question 2

success of glaucoma therapy is determined by

Answer 2

IOP lowering efficacy
no side effects
patient compliance

Question 3

DOC in emergencies

Answer 3

Pilocarpine

Question 4

DOC in chronic cases

Answer 4

Timolol + Betaxolol

Question 5

DOC in resistant cases

Answer 5

Echothiopate

Question 6

onset of BB

Answer 6

30 minutes

Question 7

BB effect lasts for

Answer 7

12-24h

Question 8

Timolol/Betaxolol mechanism of action

Answer 8

block β2 on ciliary epithelium to decrease formation of aqueous humor

Question 9

advantages of Timolol & Betaxolol

Answer 9

doesn’t affect near vision
doesn’t affect pupil size

Question 10

adverse effects of Timolol/Betaxolol

Answer 10

ocular irritation
bronchospasm
bradycardia
CHF

Question 11

βB are contraindicated in

Answer 11

cardiac patients

Question 12

Apraclonidine mechanism of action

Answer 12

activates α2 receptor on ciliary epithelium to decrease formation of aqueous humor

Question 13

adverse effects of Apraclonidine

Answer 13

red eye
ocular irritation
allergy
Malaise, headaches

Question 14

Epinephrine should NEVER be given in case of?

Why?

Answer 14

acute closed-angle glaucoma.

because of its mydriatic effect

Question 15

epinephrine CAN be used in case of?

Answer 15

open angle glaucoma
decreases aqueous formation & increases uveoscleral outflow

Question 16

direct cholinomimetics

Answer 16

Pilocarpine
Carbachol

Question 17

indirect cholinomimetics

Answer 17

Echothiopate

Question 18

Pilocarpine mechanism of action

Answer 18

opens trabecular meshwork around Canal of Schlemm–>immediate IOP drop thru increased drainage

Question 19

Pilocarpine effect lasts for

Answer 19

4-8h

Question 20

adverse effects of Pilocarpine

Answer 20

Eye/ brow pain
Blurred vision
Increased myopia
Increased lacrimation
Headaches
Eyelid twitches

Question 21

drug causing spasm of accommodation

Answer 21

Pilocarpine

Question 22

Latanoprost mechanism of action

Answer 22

increase uveoscleral outflow by activating FP receptor

Question 23

advantages of Latanoprost

Answer 23

NO cardiovascular/ pulmonary side effects

Question 24

adverse effects of Latanoprost

Answer 24

Red eye
ocular irritation
increased eyelash growth
increased iris pigmentation

Question 25

example of systemic CA inhibitors

Answer 25

Acetazolamide

Question 26

example of topical CA inhibitor

Answer 26

Dorzolamide

Question 27

drug causing increased eyelash growth and iris pigmentation

Answer 27

latanoprost

Question 28

CA inhibitors mechanism of action

Answer 28

blocks CA enzyme to reduce aqueous formation

Question 29

adverse effects of CA inhibitors

Answer 29

Transient myopia Nausea, diarrhea, appetite & taste loss Renal stones

Question 30

drugs causing renal stones in oral forms

Answer 30

CA inhibitors

Question 31

drug causing increased myopia and blurring of vision

Answer 31

Cholinomimetics

Question 32

drugs causing cardiovascular and pulmonary side effects

Answer 32

βB