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Science > Physics paper 2 > Flashcards

Physics paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is contact force?

A

When objects physically touching

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2
Q

What is a non-contact force?

A

When objects aren’t touching

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3
Q

What is a Scaler quantity?

A

A quantity that only has magnitude

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4
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity that has magnitude and direction

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5
Q

How do you find the resultant vector?

A

By adding the forces together (they may be negative)

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6
Q

Give examples of scalar quantities?

A

Distance
Speed
Mass
Energy
Temperature

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7
Q

Give examples of Vector qunatities?

A

Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration
Force
Momentum

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8
Q

What is weight?

A

The force that gravity pulls an object down with

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9
Q

What is work done?

A

Energy transferred by a force

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10
Q

What does it mean if an object is elastic?

A

It returns to its original shape after being deformed

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11
Q

What’s Hooke’s Law?

A

Force and extension are DIRECTLY proportional

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12
Q

What does the gradient on a force extension graph represent?

A

Spring Constant

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13
Q

What is the practical for Spring Constant?

A

Add masses onto spring to change force

Measure extension with ruler at each weight

Plot Force against Extension

Gradient = Spring constant

Must be on eye level when measuring

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14
Q

What does the gradient of a Distance / Displacement-Time graph?

A

Speed / Velocity

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15
Q

What does the gradient of a speed / velocity - Time graph give you?

A

Acceleration

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16
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

Change in velocity DIVIDED BY time

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17
Q

What does the area under a speed / velocity - Time graph give you?

A

Displacement

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18
Q

What is the SUVA equation?

A

2as = v2 - u2

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19
Q

What is Newton’s First Law?

A

If no resultant force acts on an object, it’s motion will be constant

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20
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law?

A

F = ma

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21
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law?

A

For every action there’s an equal and opposite reaction

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22
Q

What is the F = ma practical?

A

Accelerate trolley on track with slotted mass on string over pulley

Use photogates to measure acceleration

Change force by removing masses and placing on trolley

Plot F against A, gradient = total mass.

23
Q

What’s the formula for stopping distance?

A

Stopping D = Thinking D + Braking D

24
Q

What factors affect thinking distance?

A

Speed (proportional)
Distractions
Alcohol
Drugs

25
Q

What factors affect braking distance?

A

Speed
Condition of road or tyres
Weather conditions

26
Q

What is the law of conservation of momentum?

A

In any collisoin, total momentum is ALWAYS conserved.

27
Q

Formula for momentum?

A

Momentum = mv

28
Q

What is a feature of waves?

A

They transfer energy without transferring matter

29
Q

What are features of LONGTUDINAL waves?

A

The direction of oscillations is PARALLEL to the direction of energy transfer

30
Q

What are features of TRANSVERSE waves?

A

The direction of oscillations is PERPENDICULAR to the direction of energy transfer

31
Q

What is the wave equation?

A

Wave speed = frequency x wavelength

32
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The height of the wave

33
Q

What is the order of the EM spectrum?

A

Radio waves
Micro waves
Infra-red
Visible light
Ultra violet
X-rays
Gamma rays

34
Q

What are the features of the EM Spectrum?

A

As you go across the Spectrum…

Wavelength gets shorter
Frequency gets higher
Energy increases

35
Q

What features of EM WAVES?

A

All EM waves are emitted and absorbed by electrons

If the energy of the wave is high enough it can cause an electron to leave its atom leaving an ion.

36
Q

What is the practical for the EM spectrum?

A

Show that MATTER BLACK is the best emitter and absorber of IR

Use leslie cube with IR thermometer

37
Q

What happens when waves enter a new medium/ material?

A

Their speed and angle changes

38
Q

What does it mean if a wave bends towards to the normal?

A

It slows down

39
Q

How does the wave bending towards the normal affect the angle of refraction?

A

This mean the angle of refraction is smaller than the angle of incidence

40
Q

How and why does light through a prism?

A

Light disperses through a prism because different wavelengths are refracted different amounts

When the light exits, it speeds up again, and it bends AWAY from the normal.

41
Q

What is the difference between permanent and induced magnets?

A

Permanent Magnets always produce a magnetic field

Induced Magnets become magnetised when in another magnetic field

42
Q

How do we always draw field lines?

A

Going from the North Pole to the South pole

43
Q

What three materials are magnetic?

A

Iron Cobalt and Nickel

44
Q

What does it mean to be magnetic?

A

Can become induced magnets

Are attracted to permanent magnets

45
Q

What are two examples of materials that are NOT magnetic?

A

Aluminium and Copper

46
Q

What is the motor effect?

A

A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field will experience a force

It produces its own magnetic field that interacts with the other

47
Q

What is Fleming’s left hand rule?

A

Thumb = force
Index = Magnetic flux density
Middle = Current

48
Q

What does Fleming’s left hand rule do?

A

Gives you the direction of the force

49
Q

What is the right hand rule?

A

Thumb = direction of current
Fingers = magnetic field direction

50
Q

What is the practical for finding magnetic flux density?

A

Place magnet on balance

Tare balance, measure ‘mass’ when known current flowing

Convert to Newtons

Measure length of wire in field

Rearrange F=BIL to calculate B.

51
Q

How do motors use the motor effect?

A

Both sides of a coil experience a force in opposite directions

It then turns

52
Q

How do you increase the speed of a motor?

A

Add more turns to coil

Increase P.D / current

Use stronger magnet

53
Q

Why is a split-ring commutator used in a motor?

A

Ensures current is reversed every half turn

Keeps coil spinning

Current always flows for Positive to Negative

54
Q

How do loudspeakers use the motor effect?

A

A current is sent from source

This causes coil and speaker cone to vibrate.

This produces sound waves

Science (6 decks)

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