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Physics Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

Example?

A

Something with a magnatude only

Speed

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2
Q

What is a vector quanity?

Examples?

A

Something with a magnatude and a direction

Displacement, velocity

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3
Q

Of a vector is represented through a arrow what will the
Length represent?
Direction of the arrow represent

A

Length would represent the size or magnatide

The direction would represent the direction

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4
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull that acts on an object due to it interacting with another onject

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5
Q

What is a non contact force?

Examples?

A

A force that doen’t need contact to work

Gravitational force, electrostatic force and magnetic force

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6
Q

What is a contact force?

Examples?

A

A force that needs to touch to work

Friction, air resistance, tention

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7
Q

All types of forces fall under 2 catagories what are they?

A

Non contact forces

Contact forces

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8
Q

Is force a vector or scalar quantity?

A

Vector

It will always have a direction with it

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9
Q

What is weight?

A

The force acting on an object due to gravity

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10
Q

What causes gravity?

A

The gravitational foeld around the earth

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11
Q

What does weight depend on?

A

The strenght pf the gravitational foeld strenght at the point where the object is

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12
Q

What is the symbol of weight?

What is it measured in?

A

W

kg

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13
Q

What is the symbol of mass?

What is it measured in?

A

m

kg

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14
Q

What is the symbol for gravitational field strength?

What is it measured in?

A

g

N/kg

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15
Q

What is the center of mass?

A

The single point where the mass is concentrated

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16
Q

What is the relationship between weight and mass?

A

The weight of an onject and the mass of an object is directly proportianal

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17
Q

How is weight measured?

A

a newtonmeter (a calibrated spring-balance)

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18
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

One force that has the same efefyc as all of the other forces combined

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19
Q

What do you with 2 forces that are facing the same way?

A

You add them

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20
Q

How do you work out the resultant force of random directions?

A

Using triangles to split it inot it’s components (horizonatal and vertical forces and sohcahtoa to work out the missing length

Or free body diagrams

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21
Q

What is distance?

Is it scalar of a vector?

A

How far an object moves

Scalar

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22
Q

What is displacement?

Is it a scalar or vector quanity?

A

The ultimate distance moved with a direction from the starting point

It is a vector

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23
Q

Calcuate the diplacement?
Calcuate the distance?

A man walks 5 miles south then 10 north?

A

Displacment = 5 miles north

Distance = 15 miles

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24
Q

Is speed a vector or scalar?

A

Scalar

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25
When will there be a constant speed of someone moving/walking... sound
Never as speed will always be changing
26
What factors may effect a perosns speed?
Age Fitness Terrain Distance travelled
27
What is the typical speed of someone walking?
1.5m/s
28
What is the typical speed of someone running?
3m/s
29
What is the typical speed of someone cycling?
6m/s
30
What is the typical speed of sound in air?
330m/s
31
How would you measure time?
A stopwatch in seconds
32
How would you measure distance?
Meter stickmor other sutable method
33
Is velocity scalar or a vector?
Vector
34
How may the velocity of soemthing change?
Slowing down Speeding up Changing direction Jejfncc cjckic
35
What is the difference between a vector and a scalar?
Vector has a direction scalar doesn't
36
How may distance be shown on a graph?
Distance time graph | Velocity time graph
37
How do you calcuate non uniform motion?
Non uniform means (not constant) You take the toatal distance and the total time and use S=d/t to find the avargae for the journey
38
How can you calcuate the speed of an object using a distance time graph?
The gradient
39
How can you calcuate the acceleration of an object using a distance time graph?
Drawing a trangent and calcuating the gradient
40
How do you calcuate the speed in a distance time graph?
Calcauting the gradient
41
What is the symbol for acceleration? What is it measured in?
a m/s^2
42
What is velocity measured in? What is it's symbol?
v M/s
43
What is deceleration?
An onject that is slowing down Minus acceleration
44
How could you calcuate the acceleration on a velocity time graph?
The gradient
45
How could you calcuate distance or displacement using a velocity time graph?
The distance under the graph Possibly by counting the squares underneath it
46
What is the g on earth?
9.8
47
What is terminal velocity?
The constant rate of which an object falls
48
What will hapoen when an object starts to fall?
It will initial start to speed up because the force of gravoty is larger than the force of resistance. Eventually you will reach terminal velocity
49
What is Newtons first law?
If the resultant force of an object is zero If there is a stationary object tue object will remian stationary If the object is moving the object will continue to move in the same direction at a constant velocity
50
What do we know about the forces acting on an object traveling at a constant speed? Why?
The resultant force will be 0 as the resistance forces balnce the driving forces Newtons first law
51
What will hapoen to the forces if the velocity is changing?
They will be unequal and the resultance force won't be zero
52
Of something is moving at an uniform motion what is being applied?
Newtons first law
53
What is inertia
The tendency for the motion of the object to stay the same
54
What is Newton's second law?
The accletration of an object is proportinal to the resultant force acting on the object, and inversly proportional to the mass of the object
55
What is forced measured in? What is the symbol?
Newtons F
56
What is inertial mass?
It is a measure of how dificult it is to change the velocity of an object
57
What is the avarage speed of a car?
25m/s
58
What is the avarage speed of a train?
30m/s
59
What is the avarage speed of a plane?
250m/s
60
What is newtons third law?
Whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are opposite and equal
61
What is an example of newtons third law?
A man pushing against a wall
62
What is momentom measured in? What is it's symbol?
kg m/s p
63
What is the conservation of momentum?
In a closed system the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event
64
Give an example of the conservation of momentum?
The momentum of the explosion is equal to the momentum of all the particles that fly out. Therfore the momuntum of the event before is equal to the momentum of the event after
65
What type of waves are electromagnetic?
Transverce eaves
66
What are similar about all electromagnetic waves?
They can travel through a vacume They are all transverce waves They all travel at the same speed through a vacume
67
What has the shortest wavelength?
Gamma rays
68
What wave has the longest wavelength?
Radio waves
69
What wave has the highest frequency?
Gamma rays
70
What waves have the lowest frequency?
Radio waves
71
List the electromagnetic waves?
``` Radio waves Microwaves Infrared Visiable light (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet) Ultraviolet X-rays Gamma rays ```
72
What electromagnetic wave can be see?
Visible light
73
What may happen when an electromagnetic wave hits an object?
It may be absorbed, transmitted or refracted | Depending on their wavelength
74
What effects how much a wave is refracted?
It's velocity Or The properites of the substance
75
You need to be able to construc ray diagrams?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
76
You need to be able to use wave front diagrams?
77
How may radio waves be produced?
Oscillations in electrical circuted
78
What happens when radio waves are absorbed?
They create an alternating current with the same frequency as the radio wave itself
79
How may an electromagnetic wave be produced?
Changes in atoms and the nuclei of atoms whcih may result in generating or absorbing an ellectomagnetic wave
80
Where do gamma rays come from?
Changes in the nucleus of an atom
81
What may increase the danger of ultraviolet, X and Gamma rays
The size and dose of the radiation
82
What may radio waves be used for?
Television and radio
83
1Sv = ?mSv
1000mSv
84
What may microwaves be used for?
Satellite communications, cooking food
85
What are infrared waves used for? 3
Electrical heaters, cooking food, infrared cammaras
86
What is visabel light used for?
Fivee optic communication Sight (not on spec)
87
What is ultraviolet waves used for?
Energy efficent lamps Sun tanning
88
What are x rays and gamma rays used for?
Medical imaging Medical tratments (killing cancerous cells)
89
Why may radio waves be used for what they are?
The waves may be able
90
What are the dangers of radio waves?
There are non
91
What are the dangers of microwaves?
Internal heating
92
What are the dangers of infrared radiation?
Internal heating leading to burns Eye damage
93
What are the dangers of ultra violet radiation?
Sun burn Skin cancer
94
What are the dangers of visable light?
Eye damage
95
What are the dangers of x rays?
Radiation leading to cancer Damage to skin
96
What are the dangers of gamma rays? 3
Radiation leading to cancer It causes skin/blood diseases Kills cells

Advanced Notice Science (8 decks)

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