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Advanced Notice Science > Physics Paper 2 > Flashcards

Physics Paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

Example?

A

Something with a magnatude only

Speed

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2
Q

What is a vector quanity?

Examples?

A

Something with a magnatude and a direction

Displacement, velocity

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3
Q

Of a vector is represented through a arrow what will the
Length represent?
Direction of the arrow represent

A

Length would represent the size or magnatide

The direction would represent the direction

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4
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull that acts on an object due to it interacting with another onject

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5
Q

What is a non contact force?

Examples?

A

A force that doen’t need contact to work

Gravitational force, electrostatic force and magnetic force

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6
Q

What is a contact force?

Examples?

A

A force that needs to touch to work

Friction, air resistance, tention

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7
Q

All types of forces fall under 2 catagories what are they?

A

Non contact forces

Contact forces

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8
Q

Is force a vector or scalar quantity?

A

Vector

It will always have a direction with it

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9
Q

What is weight?

A

The force acting on an object due to gravity

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10
Q

What causes gravity?

A

The gravitational foeld around the earth

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11
Q

What does weight depend on?

A

The strenght pf the gravitational foeld strenght at the point where the object is

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12
Q

What is the symbol of weight?

What is it measured in?

A

W

kg

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13
Q

What is the symbol of mass?

What is it measured in?

A

m

kg

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14
Q

What is the symbol for gravitational field strength?

What is it measured in?

A

g

N/kg

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15
Q

What is the center of mass?

A

The single point where the mass is concentrated

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16
Q

What is the relationship between weight and mass?

A

The weight of an onject and the mass of an object is directly proportianal

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17
Q

How is weight measured?

A

a newtonmeter (a calibrated spring-balance)

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18
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

One force that has the same efefyc as all of the other forces combined

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19
Q

What do you with 2 forces that are facing the same way?

A

You add them

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20
Q

How do you work out the resultant force of random directions?

A

Using triangles to split it inot it’s components (horizonatal and vertical forces and sohcahtoa to work out the missing length

Or free body diagrams

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21
Q

What is distance?

Is it scalar of a vector?

A

How far an object moves

Scalar

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22
Q

What is displacement?

Is it a scalar or vector quanity?

A

The ultimate distance moved with a direction from the starting point

It is a vector

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23
Q

Calcuate the diplacement?
Calcuate the distance?

A man walks 5 miles south then 10 north?

A

Displacment = 5 miles north

Distance = 15 miles

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24
Q

Is speed a vector or scalar?

A

Scalar

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25
Q

When will there be a constant speed of someone moving/walking… sound

A

Never as speed will always be changing

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26
Q

What factors may effect a perosns speed?

A

Age
Fitness
Terrain
Distance travelled

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27
Q

What is the typical speed of someone walking?

A

1.5m/s

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28
Q

What is the typical speed of someone running?

A

3m/s

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29
Q

What is the typical speed of someone cycling?

A

6m/s

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30
Q

What is the typical speed of sound in air?

A

330m/s

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31
Q

How would you measure time?

A

A stopwatch in seconds

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32
Q

How would you measure distance?

A

Meter stickmor other sutable method

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33
Q

Is velocity scalar or a vector?

A

Vector

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34
Q

How may the velocity of soemthing change?

A

Slowing down
Speeding up
Changing direction

Jejfncc cjckic

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35
Q

What is the difference between a vector and a scalar?

A

Vector has a direction scalar doesn’t

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36
Q

How may distance be shown on a graph?

A

Distance time graph

Velocity time graph

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37
Q

How do you calcuate non uniform motion?

A

Non uniform means (not constant)

You take the toatal distance and the total time and use S=d/t to find the avargae for the journey

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38
Q

How can you calcuate the speed of an object using a distance time graph?

A

The gradient

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39
Q

How can you calcuate the acceleration of an object using a distance time graph?

A

Drawing a trangent and calcuating the gradient

40
Q

How do you calcuate the speed in a distance time graph?

A

Calcauting the gradient

41
Q

What is the symbol for acceleration?

What is it measured in?

A

a

m/s^2

42
Q

What is velocity measured in?

What is it’s symbol?

A

v

M/s

43
Q

What is deceleration?

A

An onject that is slowing down

Minus acceleration

44
Q

How could you calcuate the acceleration on a velocity time graph?

A

The gradient

45
Q

How could you calcuate distance or displacement using a velocity time graph?

A

The distance under the graph

Possibly by counting the squares underneath it

46
Q

What is the g on earth?

A

9.8

47
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

The constant rate of which an object falls

48
Q

What will hapoen when an object starts to fall?

A

It will initial start to speed up because the force of gravoty is larger than the force of resistance.

Eventually you will reach terminal velocity

49
Q

What is Newtons first law?

A

If the resultant force of an object is zero

If there is a stationary object tue object will remian stationary

If the object is moving the object will continue to move in the same direction at a constant velocity

50
Q

What do we know about the forces acting on an object traveling at a constant speed?

Why?

A

The resultant force will be 0 as the resistance forces balnce the driving forces

Newtons first law

51
Q

What will hapoen to the forces if the velocity is changing?

A

They will be unequal and the resultance force won’t be zero

52
Q

Of something is moving at an uniform motion what is being applied?

A

Newtons first law

53
Q

What is inertia

A

The tendency for the motion of the object to stay the same

54
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

The accletration of an object is proportinal to the resultant force acting on the object, and inversly proportional to the mass of the object

55
Q

What is forced measured in?

What is the symbol?

A

Newtons

F

56
Q

What is inertial mass?

A

It is a measure of how dificult it is to change the velocity of an object

57
Q

What is the avarage speed of a car?

A

25m/s

58
Q

What is the avarage speed of a train?

A

30m/s

59
Q

What is the avarage speed of a plane?

A

250m/s

60
Q

What is newtons third law?

A

Whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are opposite and equal

61
Q

What is an example of newtons third law?

A

A man pushing against a wall

62
Q

What is momentom measured in?

What is it’s symbol?

A

kg m/s

p

63
Q

What is the conservation of momentum?

A

In a closed system the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event

64
Q

Give an example of the conservation of momentum?

A

The momentum of the explosion is equal to the momentum of all the particles that fly out. Therfore the momuntum of the event before is equal to the momentum of the event after

65
Q

What type of waves are electromagnetic?

A

Transverce eaves

66
Q

What are similar about all electromagnetic waves?

A

They can travel through a vacume
They are all transverce waves
They all travel at the same speed through a vacume

67
Q

What has the shortest wavelength?

A

Gamma rays

68
Q

What wave has the longest wavelength?

A

Radio waves

69
Q

What wave has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma rays

70
Q

What waves have the lowest frequency?

A

Radio waves

71
Q

List the electromagnetic waves?

A 
Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared 
Visiable light (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet)
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays
72
Q

What electromagnetic wave can be see?

A

Visible light

73
Q

What may happen when an electromagnetic wave hits an object?

A

It may be absorbed, transmitted or refracted

Depending on their wavelength

74
Q

What effects how much a wave is refracted?

A

It’s velocity
Or
The properites of the substance

75
Q

You need to be able to construc ray diagrams?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

76
Q

You need to be able to use wave front diagrams?

A
77
Q

How may radio waves be produced?

A

Oscillations in electrical circuted

78
Q

What happens when radio waves are absorbed?

A

They create an alternating current with the same frequency as the radio wave itself

79
Q

How may an electromagnetic wave be produced?

A

Changes in atoms and the nuclei of atoms whcih may result in generating or absorbing an ellectomagnetic wave

80
Q

Where do gamma rays come from?

A

Changes in the nucleus of an atom

81
Q

What may increase the danger of ultraviolet, X and Gamma rays

A

The size and dose of the radiation

82
Q

What may radio waves be used for?

A

Television and radio

83
Q

1Sv = ?mSv

A

1000mSv

84
Q

What may microwaves be used for?

A

Satellite communications, cooking food

85
Q

What are infrared waves used for?

3

A

Electrical heaters, cooking food, infrared cammaras

86
Q

What is visabel light used for?

A

Fivee optic communication

Sight (not on spec)

87
Q

What is ultraviolet waves used for?

A

Energy efficent lamps

Sun tanning

88
Q

What are x rays and gamma rays used for?

A

Medical imaging

Medical tratments (killing cancerous cells)

89
Q

Why may radio waves be used for what they are?

A

The waves may be able

90
Q

What are the dangers of radio waves?

A

There are non

91
Q

What are the dangers of microwaves?

A

Internal heating

92
Q

What are the dangers of infrared radiation?

A

Internal heating leading to burns

Eye damage

93
Q

What are the dangers of ultra violet radiation?

A

Sun burn

Skin cancer

94
Q

What are the dangers of visable light?

A

Eye damage

95
Q

What are the dangers of x rays?

A

Radiation leading to cancer

Damage to skin

96
Q

What are the dangers of gamma rays?

3

A

Radiation leading to cancer
It causes skin/blood diseases
Kills cells

Advanced Notice Science (8 decks)

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