Biology Paper 2

Question 1

You need to know The Whole of B11, Hormonal Controll and Hormones in the Mestrucle Cycle

Question 2

What does a food chain show?

Answer 2

The movemement of energy in an ecosystem

What eats what

Question 3

What does a food chain start with?

Answer 3

A producer

Question 4

What is a producer?

Answer 4

Normally a green plant. Theu make therie food (glucose) through photosynsis

Algae, grass,

Question 5

What may glucose be used for in a plant? (Food chain stuff)

Answer 5

Food

Growing (making the mass of the plant) (this can be seen as a store of the energy)

Question 6

When is energy transfered through an ecosystem?

Answer 6

When animals eat each other

Question 7

What are producers eaten by?

Answer 7

Primary consuers

Question 8

What are primary consumers eaten by?

Answer 8

Secondary consumers

Question 9

What are secondary consumbers eaten by?

Answer 9

Tertiary consumers

Question 10

What is an apex preditor?

Answer 10

Something that is at the top of it’s food chain and is not hunted by predetors

Question 11

What is the population of the predators normlly limited by?

Answer 11

The amount of prey to eat

Question 12

Describe a predator prey cycle?

Answer 12

There are more rabbits than foxes on an island. The population of the rabbits grow and after a bit (possible waiting for new foxes to be born) the amount of foxes will start to increase because there is more food aviabable. Thos then leads to an increase in the number of rabbits as they are being eaten by the foxes. This will then cause the foxes to decrease in number as there isn’t enoigh rabbits to support it’s population. There then may be a good spring and a lot of high quality grass for the rabbits to eat which may lead to an increase in rabbit population …

Question 13

Why are predatora and prey out of aync with each other?

Answer 13

It takes a while for one population to respond to the other eg repdrocution takes time

Question 14

Describe the water cycle?

Answer 14

Energy from the sun makes water evporate from the land turning it into water vapour
Water also evaporates from plants (transporation)
The warm water vapour is carried up (as war air rises) as it gets higher it cools and condenses into clouds
Water falls from the clouds as precipitation on land where it provides animals and plants with fresh water
Some water is absorbed by the soil (providing plants with fresh water) and other water is used up by animals ect
Wayer may return to the atmospher throigh excretion
Water that doesn’t get absorbed by the soil will runoff into streams and rivers
From here the water goes back into the sea before the cycle starts again

Question 15

How are elements cycled back to the start of the food chain?

Answer 15

By decay

Question 16

What are living things made of?

Answer 16

Materials around them

Question 17

What happens to the plant when they die?

Answer 17

The materials which they are made of decompose (decay) and are returned to the enviroment

Question 18

How may a plant retirn materials to the enviroment?

Answer 18

Decaying once it is dead

Excretion

Question 19

Why do materials decay?

When does this happen faster?

Answer 19

They are brocken down by microorganisms

Wet, warm aerobic (oxygen rich) conditionsbecause microorgansims are more active in those conditions

Question 20

What does decay do?

Answer 20

Put the stuff plants need to grow back into the soil

Question 21

What is a stable community?

Answer 21

The materials that are taxken out of the soil and used by the plants are balnced with those which are put back in

Question 22

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 22

The constant cycling of carbon

Question 23

Explain the Carbon cycle?

Answer 23

-Green plants (eg algae) takes CO2 out of the air and makes glucose from photosynis which they can then grow (by making body tishue) out of the glucose turning it imto carbohydrates, proteins and fats

• When the plants and algae respire some carbon is released back into the enviroment as CO2
• When some plants are eaten they become part of the carbon on another anomals body. (This is how the carbon moves through the food chain
• When animals respire some Carbon is returned to the atmopshere
• When plants and animals die microorganisms and detritus feeders (other animals)on their bodies
• these animals then respire and release carbon into the atmoshpere

-Animals also produce waste that is brocken down by microorganisms and detritus feeders (other animals)

• The combustion of burning wood also released CO2 back into the air as well as other sorces such as oil to create neergy which is needed for many people to live
• So carbon is continusly cycled through the Enviroment

Question 24

What is biodiversity?

Answer 24

The variaty of different species of organisms on Earth, or within an ecosystem

Question 25

Why are high levels of biodiversity important?

Answer 25

To make sure ecoystems are stable because different species depend on other species to live eg food or other things eg trees and habitats Different species may also regulate a exosystem eg, foxes make sure the population of rabbits doesn't get to large For the human species to survive it is important that there are good levels of biodiversity (for different medicins ect)

Question 26

What sort of human activites reduce biodiversity?

Answer 26

Making a lot of waste Deforestation How we get rid of waste (landfill)

Question 27

How is the population chnaging?

Answer 27

It is increasing rapidly

Question 28

Why may the population be increasing so quickly?

Answer 28

Morden medicine keeps people alive for longer | Better farming methods mean more food can be grown to support a population

Question 29

What are the disadvantages of a growing population?

Answer 29

There are more stress on the earths reasorces We use more natual reasorces to make luxery products like cars because people are demanding a higher standard of living (making the cars also requires energy We are using raw materials quicker than we are replacing them so one day they will run out We produce more waste

Question 30

Why does producing more waste matter?

Answer 30

This includes chemical waste (possible from manufactoring). This may harm animlas and plants and may therefore decrease biodiversity

Question 31

Explian waste in water?

Answer 31

Lakes/ seas may become polluted which effects plants ect Chemicals used on land may get into the water Land animaks may eat the animals from the sea which has toxic waste in them which may cause bioaccumilation

Question 32

What is bioacculimilation?

Answer 32

The prosses of which toxic mass builds up in an animal

Question 33

Explain waste on land?

Answer 33

Toxic chemicals eg pesticides or fertilisers may get absorbed by the land which may precvent things from growing Nuclear waste is very damaging to the kand if it isn't disposed of propaly

Question 34

Explain waste in the air?

Answer 34

Smoke and acid rain released into the atmosphere may cause acid rain When particles get trapped in the atmosphere it may decrease visability and be harmful to inhail. It may also increase global dimming

Question 35

What causes global warming?

Answer 35

Methane, CO2 and pther greenhouse gasses getting stuck in the atmosphere and reflecting the sun rays back towards earth

Question 36

Why do we need a bit of global warming?

Answer 36

To keep us warm at night

Question 37

Which 2 greenhouse gasses are increasing rapidly?

Answer 37

Methane and Carbon Dioxide

Question 38

What does global warming cause?

Answer 38

Rise in sea level Loss of biodiversity More extreame weather Climate change

Question 39

How does global warming cause sea level rise? What could this lead to?

Answer 39

By melting ice and by expanding water (as it gets hotter) This could lead to coastal flodding and some places may be completly undewater in 100 years Loss of habitats and therefore biodiversity

Question 40

What is a consequence of chainge in rain patters and temprature!

Answer 40

Some places may become inhabital Animals that rely on rain bay die as rainfall is decreased - vice versa This could lead to an decrease in biodiversity

Question 41

Why does the atmopshere let soem waves through and reflect others back?

Answer 41

The sun emmits short waves which get through. After they bounce off the earth they are emitted as long waves

Question 42

What are soem things that people have set up to conserve biodiversity?

Answer 42

``` Breeding prigrams Programs to protect and regenerate habitats Hedgerows and field margins Government policies More recycling and reusing ```

Question 43

How may breeding programs help maintain biodiversity?

Answer 43

A zoo may breed engangered animals in captivity to regenerate their population. Eventualy the zoo may be able to release the animal into the wild

Question 44

How may protecting and regenerating habitats help maintain biodiversity?

Answer 44

Preserving the ecosystem and preserving habitats help the animals that live there. Making more habitats may enable the population of the animals to grow

Question 45

How may hedgerows and field margins help maintain biodiversity?

Answer 45

They anable more natual plants to grow They may provide habitats for a wide variaty of organisms

Question 46

What is a field margin?

Answer 46

An area around a field that is left unfarmed so that wild flowers can grow

Question 47

How may government policies help maintain buodiversiy?

Answer 47

Limiting the amount fo deforestation | Limiting the amount of pollution businesses can emmit

Question 48

How may encouraging recycling and reusing items help maintain biodiversity?

Answer 48

Reduces the amount of waste going to landfil Redices emmitions from factories that make items if people are reusing them

Question 49

What are some disadvantages between maintaining biodiversity?

Answer 49

It is expensive May lead to unemployment (eg lumberjacks are out of jobs) This could effect the local economy It could effect our food security (eg using pesticides are necesary to esure harvests happen and people are fed) It may effect development of areas/ countries

Question 50

What is the population?

Answer 50

The number of specific species living in the same place (it needs to be the same species)

Question 51

What is a community?

Answer 51

All the organisms of species living in the same place

Question 52

What is a species?

Answer 52

A group of organisms with similar charatristics that can potentialy produce fertile offspring (The be the same species their babys must be able to reproduce)