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GCSE 🏋🏾‍♂️ > Physics P1 > Flashcards

Physics P1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy ?

A

Energy is the ability to do work

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2
Q

What are the units for energy ?

A

Joules

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3
Q

What are the 5 most common energy stores ?

A

Chemical , kinetic , Gravitational potential , thermal and elastic potential.

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4
Q

What is a chemical energy store ?

A

The energy stored in chemical bonds molecules

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5
Q

What is an example of a chemical energy store?

A

A battery or fuel.

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6
Q

What is a kinetic energy store?

A

The energy of a moving object

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7
Q

What is an example of kinetic energy store ?

A

Buses , cars and runners .

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8
Q

What is Gravitational potential energy store?

A

The energy of an object at height.

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9
Q

What is a thermal energy store?

A

The total energy of particles in an object.

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10
Q

What is an example of a thermal energy store ?

A

Hot coffee or a radiator

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11
Q

What is elastic potential energy store ?

A

This is the energy stored when an object is stretched and squashed .

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12
Q

What is a magnetic energy store ?

A

The energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer.

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13
Q

What is an electrostatic energy store ?

A

The energy stored when repelling charges have been moved closer.

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14
Q

What is a nuclear energy store ?

A

The energy stored in the nucleas of an atom .

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15
Q

How do we increase an energy store ?

A

Energy must be transferred between stores

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16
Q

What are the five types of energy transfer?

A

Heating
Electrical
Light
Sound
Mechanical

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17
Q

What is the definition of the energy transfer heating ?

A

The transfer of heat energy from a hotter object to a cooler object.

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18
Q

What is the mechanical energy transfer ?

A

The transfer of energy through the movement or actions of objects.

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19
Q

What is electrical energy transfer ?

A

The transfer of energy through the flow of electric charges in an conductor.

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20
Q

What is the conservation of energy ?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be transferred from on store another .

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21
Q

What is a system ?

A

A system is a chosen object or a group of objects.

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22
Q

What is a closed system ?

A

A closed system is an isolated system in which no energy transfers take place into or out of the system .

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23
Q

What is work ?

A

Work is the amount of energy transferred when a force moves. Like pushing or pulling something.

24
Q

What is the difference between work and energy ?

A

Work is the effort it takes to move something against a force and energy is the ability to do work , like fuel .

25
Q

What is the equation for work done ?

A

Work = force x distance

26
Q

Calculate the work done when a person applies a force of 15 N to move a box moving it 2 metres?

A

15 x 2 = 30 J

27
Q

What is friction ?

A

Friction is a contact force that opposes the direction of movement when two surfaces are in control .

28
Q

What is gravitational potential energy ?

A

Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position above the Earths surface .

29
Q

How do you calaculate the gravitational potential energy ?

A

GPE = mass x GFS x height

30
Q

What is gravitational field strength ?

A

This is a measure of the force of gravity .

31
Q

A crane lifts a 75 kg mass a height of 8m . Calcualte the gravitational potential energy gained by the mass ( g = 9.8 N/kg ).

A

75 x 9.8 x 8 = 5880 J

32
Q

What is the definition of kinetic energy store?

A

The amount of energy an object has as a result of its mass and speed .

33
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy ?

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x speed squared .

34
Q

Calculate the kinetic energy stored in a vehicle of masd 1200 kg moving at a speed of 27 m/s.

A

Mass = 1200 kg
Speed = 27 m/s
Kinetic energy = 1/2 x 1200 x ( 27 ) squared.
= 440,000 J

35
Q

What is Elastic potential energy ?

A

The energy stored in an elastic object when work is done on the object .

36
Q

What does the definition of the elastic potential energy store mean ?

A

It means that any object that can change shape by stretching, bending or compressing

37
Q

What is an example of elastic potential energy ?

A

When a spring is stretched work is done on the spring which results in energy being transferred to the elastic potential store of the spring . When the spring is released, energy is transferred away from its elastic potential energy store.

38
Q

What is the equation for Elastic Potential energy ?

A

EPE = 1/2 x N x extension

39
Q

Do you convert the units given in a question related to elastic potential energy to metres ?

A

Yes always

40
Q

What is useful energy ?

A

Useful energy is energy transferred to where it is wanted and in the form it is wanted .

41
Q

What is wasted energy ?

A

Wasted energy is energy not usefully transferred.

42
Q

What happens to wasted energy ?

A

Wasted energy is eventually transferred into the surroudings .

43
Q

What is wasted energy also known as ?

A

Dissipated energy

44
Q

Why is it important to not waste energy ?

A

Because sometimes energy can be used for something else and the wasted energy can’t get reused.

45
Q

What is the efficiency of a system ?

A

Its the measure of the amount of wasted energy in an energy transfer .

46
Q

What is efficiency ?

A

The ratio of the useful energy output from a system to its energy input.

47
Q

What is one equation for efficiency ?

A

Useful output energy transfer / total input energy transfer

48
Q

A blender converts 700 J of energy into 150 J of useful energy .

A

150 /700 = 0.21

49
Q

How can we improve the efficiency of a device ?

A

We can do this by reducing the wasted energy transfers and increasing the useful energy transfers .

50
Q

What is power ?

A

The rate at which energy is transferred .

51
Q

What is power measured in ?

A

Watts

52
Q

What is the equation for power ?

A

Power = Energy transferred / time

53
Q

What is another equation used to find power ?

A

Power = Work done / time

54
Q

Is energy transferred and work done the same thing ?

A

Yes

55
Q

How is power described ?

A

How fast the energy is transferred from one store to another .

56
Q

Calculate the energy transferred when an iron with a power rating of 2000 W is used for 5 minutes .

A
  1. 2000 W and then covert 5 minutes in to seconds so 5 x 60 = 300 s
  2. Rearange the equation - power x time = energy
  3. 2000 x 300 = 600,000 J
57
Q

9

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temprature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degrees .

GCSE 🏋🏾‍♂️ (13 decks)

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