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Wolsey Hall > Physics Module 3 > Flashcards

Physics Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pressure, and its formula (for solids)?

A

Force per unit of area
p = F/A

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2
Q

What is different about pressure from fluids?

A

Fluids (liquid and gas) constantly generate pressure from molecules banging into their surroundings

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3
Q

What are three properties of pressure in fluids?

A
  • Acts in all directions
  • Increases with depth
  • Depends on density of fluid
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4
Q

What is the formula for pressure in fluids?

A

Pressure = density x gravity x depth
P = pgh

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5
Q

What is unique about pressure in gases?

A

They can be compressed (atmosphere denser at lower levels)

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6
Q

What is the unit for standard atmospheric pressure, and what is its equivalent in pascals?

A

atm (atmosphere) – 1atm = 100,000 Pa

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7
Q

For pressure in gas, what two factors are linked with pressure?

A

Volume and temperature. A change in one causes a change in at least one other.

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8
Q

What happens to pressure in gas when temperature rises, and why?

A

Pressure rises because since particles have more energy, there are more collisions with more force.

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9
Q

What happens to pressure in gas when volume decreases/density increases, and why?

A

Pressure rises because less space/more particles means more collisions.

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10
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

For a fixed gas at constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume.

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11
Q

What is the difference between elastic and inelastic (plastic) objetcs?

A
  • Elastic objects go back to their original shape after being stretched/compressed
  • Inelastic objects keep their new shape
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12
Q

What does it mean if an object has been deformed?

A

It has permanently changed shape.

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13
Q

What is extension, and what is its formula?

A

Extension (x) is the increase in length of a spring when stretched. F = kx

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14
Q

What is the spring constant?

A

Spring constant (k) of an object is how many Newtons it would take to stretch the object by 1m. Higher k = stiffer the object. Constant of load/extension

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15
Q

What is Hooke’s Law?

A

Below the elastic limit, extension is proportional to load

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16
Q

What is the elastic limit?

A

The point at which an elastic object has been stretched/compressed so much it is no longer elastic, and will not return to its original shape. (Extension and load no longer proportional).

17
Q

What are the two definitions of Power, and their formulas?

A
  • The rate at which energy is transferred (P = E/t)
  • The rate at which work is done (P = W/t)
18
Q

What is ‘work done’, and its formula?

A

The force used to move an object a certain distance (W = F x d)

19
Q

What is the unit for power, and the unit for energy/work done?

A
  • Power – Watts (W)
  • Energy/work done – Joules (J)
20
Q

What are the eight different ways energy can be stored?

A
  • Kinetic energy
  • Gravitational potential energy
  • Elastic (strain) energy
  • Chemical energy
  • Electrostatic energy
  • Nuclear energy
  • Thermal energy
  • Magnetic energy
21
Q

What are energy pathways?

A

Ways in which energy can be transferred.

22
Q

What are the four ways energy can be transferred?

A

Mechanically (force moving something), electrically, heating, radiation

23
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be stored or transferred, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

24
Q

What happens whenever work is done?

A

Energy is transferred.

25
Q

What is the formula for calculating the gravitational potential energy of an object?

A

Potential energy = mass x gravity x height
PE = mgh

26
Q

What is the formula for calculating the kinetic energy of an object?

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 mass x velocity(squared)
KE = 1/2mv(2)

27
Q

Is energy a scalar or a vector?

A

Scalar

28
Q

How is efficiency calculated?

A
  • Efficiency = useful power output/total power input
29
Q

What is the rate at which an engine gets work done?

A

Power (work done/time)

30
Q

How do you calculate useful power output?

A

force x speed

31
Q

What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable fuels?

A
  • Renewable fuels can be replaced and will never run out
  • Non-renewable fuels are limited and will one day run out
32
Q

What are examples of non-renewable fuels?

A
  • Coal
  • Oil
  • Natural gas
  • Nuclear fuels
33
Q

What are examples of renewable fuels?

A
  • Hydroelectric energy
  • Tidal energy
  • Wind energy
  • Wave energy
  • Geothermal energy
  • Solar energy
  • Biofuels

Wolsey Hall (19 decks)

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