History Module 7

Question 1

How did Jospeh Goebbels control public opinion?

Answer 1

Propaganda through the control of mass media

Question 2

What mediums of mass media did the Nazis control?

Answer 2

• Books
• Art
• Newspapers
• Cinema
• Music
• Posters
• Radio

Question 3

How did the Nazis spread propaganda (outside of media)?

Answer 3

The Nuremberg Rallies - every summer, displays of power

Question 4

What were propaganda failures of the 1936 Olympics?

Answer 4

• Visitors shocked by military presence (SS & SA)
• Visitors shocked by fanatical devotion to Hitler

Question 4

Why did countries like the US not boycott the 1936 Olympics due to Germany’s discrimination against Jews?

Answer 4

Because in response Germany allowed one part-Jewish person on their team, and removed overt antisemitic sentiments from the streets over the event

Question 4

Why was the 1936 Olympics held in Berlin?

Answer 4

Because Joseph Goebbels believed it would be good for propaganda inside and outside Germany

Question 5

What were propaganda successes of the 1936 Olympics?

Answer 5

• Visitors flattered by red-carpet treatment
• Visitors dazzled by new technology/overall grandeur
• Nazi regime achieved international respectability

Question 6

How were Jews persecuted beginning 1933?

Answer 6

• Banned from civil service
• Boycotts of businesses
• Refused jobs
• Children humiliated/segregated

Question 7

What were the Nuremberg Laws (including Reich Citizenship Law) and when were they passed?

Answer 7

• September 1935
• Illegal for Aryans and Jews to marry/have sex
• Reich Citizenship Law: population split into 3 groups - Aryans, mixed, and non-Aryans (Jews and Roma)

Question 8

What were the events of Kristallnacht (The Night of the Broken Glass)?

Answer 8

• November 1938
• Young Jewish man killed German diplomat in Paris
• In ‘retaliation’ SS men ordered to destroy Jewish businesses dressed in ordinary clothes
• People told this was done by citizens, not SS (though most didn’t believe this lie)

Question 9

What was the aftermath of Kristallnacht?

Answer 9

• 91 Jews murdered
• Hundreds of synagogues burned
• 21,000 Jews taken to concentration camps
• Thousands more leave the country

Question 10

How else were Jews persecuted following Kristallnacht?

Answer 10

• Children banned from schools
• All businesses confiscated
• ‘J’ stamped on passports
• New first names on identification (‘Israel’ for men, ‘Sarah’ for women)

Question 11

What other minorities were persecuted?

Answer 11

• Gay/lesbian people
• The mentally ill & disabled
• Roma
• ‘Asocials’ (alcoholics, prostitutes, beggars)

Question 12

How did the Nazis attempt to control religion?

Answer 12

• Concordat signed with the Catholic Church (agree they’d leave each other alone)
• Protestant Reich Church (official state church) set up
• Pro-Nazi pagan ‘German Faith Movement’ supported

Question 13

How did some Bishops/pastors rebel?

Answer 13

• Protest against the Euthanasia programme (mass murder of mentally ill/disabled people)
• Alternative Protestant church from Reich Church set up
• Protecting Jews
• Refusing to fly Nazi flags

Question 14

What was the political opposition to the Nazis?

Answer 14

Socialists met in secret - they sabotaged railways, factories and army stores, and they distributed anti-Nazi leaflets

Question 15

What was the social opposition to the Nazis?

Answer 15

• People refused to conform to Nazi ideals
• They complained
• Joked about Hitler
• Refused to do the Heil Hitler salute
• Refused to contribute to party funds

Question 16

How did women oppose the Nazis?

Answer 16

• They made up around 15% of all anti-Nazi movements
• They informed foreign governments of rearmament plans and the treatment of Jews
• They helped Jews flee abroad

Question 17

How did youth oppose the Nazis?

Answer 17

• The Swing Movement - middle class teenagers listened to foreign music, openly discussed sex, and accepted Jewish people
• The Edelweiss Pirates - working class teenagers mocked and attacked Nazi Youth, and in 1944 sheltered escaped prisoners and army deserters, and also attacked the Gestapo (in which its leader was killed)