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Wolsey Hall > History Module 4 > Flashcards

History Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How was the Weimar Republic established?

A
  • Mutinies
  • Which led to other revolts
  • Kaiser abdicated
  • Republic was proclaimed
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2
Q

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm?

A
  • The final German emperor
  • Abdicated in 1918
  • Fled to Holland
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3
Q

Who was Friedrich Ebert?

A
  • Was leader of the SPD
  • Became the Republic’s first Chancellor
  • Was elected the Republic’s first president
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4
Q

Who was Philipp Scheidermann?

A
  • Was a member of the SPD
  • Proclaimed the new republic
  • 1919 was elected Minister President, resigned same year
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5
Q

What were the economic impacts of WW1 on Germany?

A
  • National income impacted
  • Food shortages
  • Widows and fatherless children
  • Industrial production impacted
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6
Q

What were the social impacts of WW1 on Germany?

A
  • Living standards gap
  • Poor workers angry
  • Demobilised, disillusioned soldiers
  • Anger at losing war
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7
Q

What were the political impacts of WW1 on Germany?

A
  • 1918-19 revolution
  • ‘Stab in the back’ myth
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8
Q

What were the strengths of the Weimar Republic?

A
  • States
  • Equal rights
  • Proportional representation
  • Swift action in crisis (Article 48)
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9
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Extreme parties get seats
  • Coalitions (nothing gets done)
  • Chancellor appointed, not elected
  • President may abuse power (Article 48)
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10
Q

What challenges did the left wing bring the Weimar republic?

A
  • Communist uprisings
  • Middle class fear of communism
  • Forced reliance on right-wing paramilitary (Frei Korps Militas)
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11
Q

What challenges did the right wing bring the Weimar republic?

A
  • Stab in the back myth
  • Many opposed to democracy
  • Over-reliance on Frei Korps Militas
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12
Q

What four things were affected by the ToV?

A

LAMB
Land
Army
Money
Blame

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13
Q

Give an example of a left wing uprising.

A

Soviets set up in towns in January 1919 by Spartacists. Crushed by Freikorps employed by Ebert.

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14
Q

Give an example of a right wing uprising.

A

Kapp Putsch in March 1920, 5000 marched into Berlin, stopped by general strike

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15
Q

What is the Dolchstoss Theory?

A
  • ‘Stab in the back’ myth
  • German military didn’t lose, they were betrayed by politicians (November criminals), socialists and Jews
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16
Q

What caused the economic disaster of 1921-23?

A
  • Occupation of the Ruhr by France
  • Money printed to pay workers and debts, causing hyperinflation
17
Q

Who was Gustav Stresemann?

A
  • Appointed Chancellor and Foreign Secretary in 1923
  • Resigned as Chancellor same year
  • Stayed as Foreign Secretary until death in 1929
18
Q

What were Stresemann’s economic achievements?

A
  • Ended hyperinflation
  • Dawes Plan (reparations lowered, American loans)
  • Young Plan (reparations lowered further)
19
Q

What were Stresemann’s international achievements?

A
  • The Locarno pact (peace with France)
  • Joined LoN
  • Kellogg-Briand pact (promise against war)
20
Q

What were Stresemann’s political achievements?

A
  • No more attempted revolutions after 1923
  • Lives of Germans improved
  • Support for extremists dramatically reduced
21
Q

What were economic problems Stresemann faced?

A
  • US loans could be called in
  • Increased class inequality
22
Q

What were international problems Stresemann faced?

A
  • Nationalists against Locarno pact
  • Communists against Locarno pact
23
Q

What were political problems Stresemann faced?

A
  • Too democratic, everything unstable
  • Extremists not gone, silently growing
  • 30% of votes and President Hindenburg opposed to democracy
24
Q

What were the causes of the cultural revival?

A
  • Removal of censorship
  • Horrors of WW1 and modern troubles
  • Expressionism
25
Q

What was the tone of the cultural revival?

A
  • Objective, reflected Germany’s current turmoil
  • Mocked upper classes, lamented fate of lower classes
  • Hedonistic nightlife (cabaret), exploring sexuality (homosexuality included and accepted)
26
Q

What was the backlash of the cultural revival?

A
  • Was only in Berlin, so rest of German saw it as trashy and corrupt
  • Many artists were Jewish, communist, and immigrants which strengthened cultural divide
  • Right-wing called for traditional country values, which was to Nazis’ advantage

Wolsey Hall (19 decks)

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