Physics Midterm part 2 Flashcards
Atomic mass unit (amu)
Measures the mass of an atom on the atomic scale.
Atomic weight
the average mass of the element in atomic mass units (amu).
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons
Nuclide
An atomic species characterized by the specific constitution of its nucleus, i.e., by its number of protons Z, its number of neutrons N, and its nuclear energy state
Isobar
Atoms with the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers.
Isotone
Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different number of protons.
Isomers
Atoms with the same atomic number and same atomic mass but have different amounts of energy inside of the nucleus.
Ion
An electrically unstable atom with an imbalance of protons and electrons.
Periodic table
8 vertical groups, 7 horizontal. Vertical groups have similar chemical properties and the same valance number.
Rare earth series
Elements with atomic numbers 58 through 71, along with Yttrium (Z = 39) and Scandium (Z = 21).
Magnetism
Defined as the ability of certain materials to attract the elements iron, nickel, and cobalt.
Natural magnets
Magnets that exist in nature without any help from humans.
Artificial permanent magnets
Man-made magnets that are magnetic all of the time.
They are usually made of iron, steel, or alnico.
Artificial temporary magnets
These temporary magnets are only magnetized in the presence of an electric current.
Webers theory of magnetism
States that when a charged particle is in motion, a magnetic force field will be created that is perpendicular to the motion
Magnet field
a zone of electromagnetic force that surrounds a magnet.
Magnetic flux or field strength
This is the number of force lines emitted by the magnet.
Magnetic flux density
The number of force lines per unit area
MKS & SI- Tesla
CGS - Gauss
Law of magnetic poles
Every magnet has 2 pole, one at each end.
Law of Attraction/Repulsion
Like poles of magnets will repel each other while unlike or opposite poles attract each other.
Columbs law
The force of attraction or repulsion between two magnetic poles varies directly with the strength of the poles and inversely with the square of the distance between the poles.
Properties of magnets
Breaking a magnet does not destroy its magnetic property,
Instead, each fragment will become a separate magnet with its own north and south pole.
Heating or hammering a piece of magnetic material while it is in a magnetic field will eventually cause it to become magnetized
Rubbing a non-magnetized bar of magnetic material with a magnet will eventually cause it to become magnetized.
Magnetic induction
The process of creating a magnet using the magnetic field of another magnet
Susceptibility
The extent to which material becomes magnetized when placed into a magnetic field.
Permeability
The ease with which a given material becomes magnetized by induction.
Retentivity
The ability of a magnet to resist demagnetization
4 Magnetic classifications of matter
1) Ferromagnetic
2) Paramagnetic
3) Diamagnetic
4) Non-magnetic
