Physics Midterm Part 1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has inertia.

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

The smallest particle of an element that has the characteristic properties of that element.

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

A substance made up of only one kind of atom and cannot be transformed into another element

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

A structure made up of two or more atoms bound together and may contain any number of atoms.

Question 5

Substance

Answer 5

any kind of material that has a constant and definite composition.

Question 6

Simple substance

Answer 6

elements made up of only 1 kind of atom (92 natural elements)

Question 7

Compound substance

Answer 7

chemical union of 2 or more elements in definite proportions that can be separated by physical means.

Question 8

Mixture

Answer 8

A physical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions that can be separated by physical means.

Question 9

Solid

Answer 9

– strongest amount of attraction between atoms and molecules.

Question 10

Liquid

Answer 10

less attraction than solids

Question 11

Gas

Answer 11

less attraction than liquids

Question 12

Plasma

Answer 12

Weakest attraction. These are gas ions that have had their electrons removed

Question 13

Amorphous state

Answer 13

In this state, matter is stuck between a solid and liquid state

Question 14

Sublimation

Answer 14

When a solid evaporates directly into a gaseous state, skipping the liquid state.

Question 15

Brownian motion

Answer 15

All atoms and molecules vibrate or move with Brownian motion. Plasma has greatest brownish motion.

Question 16

Greek model

Answer 16

Atoms are solid balls

Question 17

Dalton model (1808)

Answer 17

All matter is made of atoms
•Atoms of the same element are identical
•Each element has different atoms

Question 18

Thomson model (1897)

Answer 18

In this model, electrons (discovered by Thomson in 1897) were spread out in a sphere of positive charges, much like plumbs in plumb pudding.

Question 19

Rutherford model (1910)

Answer 19

This model theorized that the positive charges were concentrated in a central position called the nucleus.

Question 20

Bohr model (1913)

Answer 20

The Bohr model expands on Rutherford’s model and states that the atom is made up of 2 main parts:
Nucleus and electrons

Question 21

Pauli Exclusion Principle.

Answer 21

There is a maximum number of electrons that can occupy each shell.

Question 22

Quantum model (1926)

Answer 22

It states that electrons exist in probability clouds rather than be restricted to specific orbits.

Question 23

n

Answer 23

principle quantum number. This gives the distance away from the nucleus.

Question 24

I

Answer 24

azimuthal. This gives the amount of angular momentum, and has sub-orbitals of s, p, d, & f.

Question 25

m

Answer 25

magnetic. This gives the amount and direction of spin.

Question 26

String Theory (1970 – present)

Answer 26

Electrons and quarks are made up of extremely small loops of rapidly vibrating string-like matter.