Physics formulas Flashcards
What is the linear motion equation without displacement?
vf = v0 + at
What is the linear motion formula without final velocity?
x = v0t + ½at2
What is the linear motion formula without time?
v2 = v02 + 2ax
What is the formula for average velocity when given displacement and time?
What is the formula for average velocity when given initial and final velocity?
What is the formula for acceleration?
What is the definition of a vector?
Physical quantities with both magnitude and direction, such as force and velocity
What is the definition of a scalar?
Physical quantities that have magnitude but no direction
What is acceleration?
The rate of change of an objects velocity
What is the formula for displacement when given average velocity and time?
What is the formula for displacement given initial velocity, final velocity, and time?
What is static friction?
The force that must be overcome to set an object in motion
What is the definition of kinetic friction?
Kinetic friction opposes the motion of objects moving relative to each other
What is the formula for kinetic friction?
Newtons first law of motion:
A body in a state of motion or at rest will remain in that state unless acted upon by a net force
What is the definition of Newtons second law of motion?
What a net force is applied to a body of mass, the body will be accelerated in the same direction as the force applied to the mass.
What is the formula for Newtons second law of motion?
F = ma
What is Newtons third law of motion?
If body A exerts a force on body B, then B will extert a force back onto A that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Definition of mass:
A scalar quantity that measures a body’s intertia
- Represented by m
- measured in kg
What is weight?
A vector quantity that measures a body’s gravitational attraction to earth
In order for an object to be in equilibrium…
The sum of opposing forces acting on the obkect must be equal to 0
What is the term and formula on a constant force acting on an object that moves a displacement?
Work
What is the formula for centripetal acceleration?
What is the formula for centripetal force?
When work is done by the system what is work positive or negative?
When work is done by the system work is greater than 0 (+)
Power:
- Definition
- Formula
- The rate at which work is performed
Kinetic energy:
Definition
The energy associated with moving objects
Kinetic energy:
Formula
Potential energy:
Definition
The energy associated with a body’s position (U)
Gravitational potential energy:
Formula
U = mgh
What is the formula for total mechanical energy?
What is the work-energy theorem?
It relates the work performed by all forces acting on a body in a particular time interval to the change in energy at that time.
Conservation of energy:
Definition and Formula
When there are no nonconservative forces (such as friction) acting on a system, the total mechanical energy remains constant
Linear expansion:
The increase in length by most solids when heated
Conduction:
The direct transfer of energy via molecular collisions
Convection:
The transfer of heat by the physical motion of fluid
Radiation:
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
What does the value of Q mean
When Q is greater than 0 it means that heat is gained
when Q is less than 0 it means that heat is lost
Heat of transformaion:
The quantity of heat required to change the phase of 1g of a substance
First law of thermodynamics
In an adiabatic process when Q = 0 the first law becomes
When the process has a constant volume (W=0) the first law becomes
When the process is isothermal the first law becomes
Q = W
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
In any thermodynamic process that moces from one state of equilibrium to another, the entropy of the system and environment together will either increase or remain unchanged
What is the formula for density?
Specific Gravity formula
no units
Definition of pressure:
A scalar quantity defined as force per unit area
Formula and unit for pressure
Pascan N/m2
Definition of absolute pressure
The absolute pressure in a fluid is due to gravity somewehre below the surface
Formula for absolute pressure
Gauge pressure formula
Continuity equation (fluids)
Bernoulli’s equation
Archimede’s principle
What is the buoyant force equal to?
The buoyant force is equal to the eright of the displaced fluid
if the weight of the fluid displaced is less than the objects weight then the object will…
Sink
If the weight of the fluid displaced is greater than or equal to the objects weight than the object will…
Float
Pascal’s principle definition:
A change in the pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undimished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the containing vessel
Formulas associated with Pascal’s principle
What happens to a postive point charge in an electric field?
In an electric field a positive point charge will move in the same direction as the electric field vector
What happens to a negative point charge in an electric field?
A negative point charge in an electric field will move in the opposite direction as the electric field vector
Coulomb’s law
Definition:
A law that states that like charges repel and opposite charges attract, with a force proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Coulomb’s law
Formula:
When two oppositely charged parallel plates are separated by a distance an electrical field is created, and the potential difference that exists between these plates is given by the formula..
V = Ed
