Gen Chem Flashcards
Avogadros Law
V1/n1=V2/n2
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas if the pressure and temperature are constant
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons
Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons
Alpha decay
A type of radioactive decay where the nucleus releases a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons)
In alpha decay, the mass number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2
Molecular weight
The mass of a molecule, calculated by adding the atomic weight of each atom in the molecule
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself
In general, electronegativity increases moving up and to the right of the periodic table
Charles law
V1/T1 = V2/T2
The volume and temperature of an ideal gas are directly proportional if the pressure and number of moles of gas are constant
Anode
The electrode where oxidation takes place
The anode has a negative charge in galvanic cells and a positive charge in electrolytic cells
Cathode
The electrode where reduction takes place
The cathode has a positive charge in galvanic cells and a negative charge in electrolytic cells
Ionization energy
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom
In general, the ionization energy increases moving yo and to the right on the periodic table
Reduction
Reduction is the gain of electrons
GER : Gain Electrons Reduction
Real gases
Real gases have molecules that do occupy volume and experience intermolecular forces
The volume available to a real gas in a container is less than that of an ideal gas because real gas molecules occupy volume
The pressure of a real gas is less than an ideal gas because real gases are attracted to each other by their intermolecular forces
Atomic weight
The weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
Enthalpy
The sun of the internal energy and product of the pressure and volume of a system
Half-Life
The time it takes for a compound to be reduced to half of its initial concentration
Used to age fossils and for the designing the dosage of medications
Oxidation
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
LEO : Lose Electrons Oxidation
Ground state
The lowest possible energy state
And Adam in an excited state may return to the ground state by emitting energy
Effective nuclear charge
The attractive forces felt by the Valance electrons from the nucleus
The attractive force felt by the valance electrons is so by the other electrons in the atom due to the shielding effect provided by the core electrons
Excited state
Any state with energy greater than the ground state
And atom may enter the excited state by absorbing energy
Standard temperature and pressure
Temperature = 0°C or 273 K
Pressure = 1 atm or 760 mmHg
The volume of one mole of gas at STP is 22.4 L
Free energy
The energy available to do work in a chemical reaction to denoted by G
If delta G is zero then the reaction of absorbs free energy and is non-spontaneous
Kelvin scale
A temperature scale with absolute zero being zero
Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature where all molecules stop moving
Mass number
The sum of the protons and neutrons in and Atom
Paramagnetism
And Atom at least one unpaired electrons in its orbitals
Action has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p4 and is a paramagnetic species
Ideal gas law
PV = nRT
P= Pressure V = Volume n = moles of gas R = gas constant T = temp in K
