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MCAT Flashcards > Gen Chem > Flashcards

Gen Chem Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Avogadros Law

A

V1/n1=V2/n2

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas if the pressure and temperature are constant

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2
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons
Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons

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3
Q

Alpha decay

A

A type of radioactive decay where the nucleus releases a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons)

In alpha decay, the mass number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2

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4
Q

Molecular weight

A

The mass of a molecule, calculated by adding the atomic weight of each atom in the molecule

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5
Q

Electronegativity

A

The ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself

In general, electronegativity increases moving up and to the right of the periodic table

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6
Q

Charles law

A

V1/T1 = V2/T2

The volume and temperature of an ideal gas are directly proportional if the pressure and number of moles of gas are constant

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7
Q

Anode

A

The electrode where oxidation takes place

The anode has a negative charge in galvanic cells and a positive charge in electrolytic cells

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8
Q

Cathode

A

The electrode where reduction takes place

The cathode has a positive charge in galvanic cells and a negative charge in electrolytic cells

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9
Q

Ionization energy

A

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

In general, the ionization energy increases moving yo and to the right on the periodic table

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10
Q

Reduction

A

Reduction is the gain of electrons

GER : Gain Electrons Reduction

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11
Q

Real gases

A

Real gases have molecules that do occupy volume and experience intermolecular forces

The volume available to a real gas in a container is less than that of an ideal gas because real gas molecules occupy volume

The pressure of a real gas is less than an ideal gas because real gases are attracted to each other by their intermolecular forces

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12
Q

Atomic weight

A

The weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element

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13
Q

Enthalpy

A

The sun of the internal energy and product of the pressure and volume of a system

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14
Q

Half-Life

A

The time it takes for a compound to be reduced to half of its initial concentration

Used to age fossils and for the designing the dosage of medications

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15
Q

Oxidation

A

Oxidation is the loss of electrons

LEO : Lose Electrons Oxidation

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16
Q

Ground state

A

The lowest possible energy state

And Adam in an excited state may return to the ground state by emitting energy

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17
Q

Effective nuclear charge

A

The attractive forces felt by the Valance electrons from the nucleus

The attractive force felt by the valance electrons is so by the other electrons in the atom due to the shielding effect provided by the core electrons

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18
Q

Excited state

A

Any state with energy greater than the ground state

And atom may enter the excited state by absorbing energy

19
Q

Standard temperature and pressure

A

Temperature = 0°C or 273 K

Pressure = 1 atm or 760 mmHg

The volume of one mole of gas at STP is 22.4 L

20
Q

Free energy

A

The energy available to do work in a chemical reaction to denoted by G

If delta G is zero then the reaction of absorbs free energy and is non-spontaneous

21
Q

Kelvin scale

A

A temperature scale with absolute zero being zero

Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature where all molecules stop moving

22
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the protons and neutrons in and Atom

23
Q

Paramagnetism

A

And Atom at least one unpaired electrons in its orbitals

Action has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p4 and is a paramagnetic species

24
Q

Ideal gas law

A

PV = nRT

P= Pressure 
V = Volume 
n = moles of gas 
R = gas constant 
T = temp in K
25
Q

Bronsted Lowry Base

A

A molecule that accepts protons

26
Q

Electron affinity

A

The energy associated with adding an electron to Atom

In general electron affinity increases moving up and to the right of the periodic table

27
Q

Alkali Metals

A

The first group of elements on the periodic table

Li, Na, K, Rn, Cs, Fr

alkali metals are extremely reactive and readily lose their only valence electron to form +1 Cations

28
Q

Le chateliers principle

A

If a reaction at equilibrium is stressed the reaction will shift in order to counteract the stress

Stress may include changes in volume, temperature or concentration of a reactant or product

29
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in and Atom

the atomic number uniquely identifies the elements

30
Q

Ideal gas

A

A gas with molecules that have perfectly elastic collisions, have kinetic energy proportional to temperature, do not occupy any volume, and do not experience any intermolecular forces

Ideal gases do not exist and are purely hypothetical

31
Q

Molecular formula

A

An expression that describes the number of each atom in a molecule

32
Q

Core electrons

A

Any electrons in an atom besides the valence electrons

Core electrons shield valance electrons from the full positive charge of the nucleus

33
Q

Bronsted Lowry Acid

A

A molecule that donates protons

34
Q

Noble Gases

A

The last group of elements on the periodic table

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn

The noble gases have a completed shell of electrons and tend to be chemically inert and unreactive

35
Q

Equilibrium constant

A

The value of the reaction quotient when the reaction is at equilibrium

The value of the equilibrium constant is always the same for given reactions unless the temperature is changed

36
Q

Alkaline Earth Metals

A

The second group of elements on the periodic table

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Rn

Alkaline earth metals are fairly reactive and readily lose both of their valence electrons to form +2 cations

37
Q

Standard conditions

A

Temperature = 25°C or 298 K

Pressure 1 atm or 760 mmHg

Initial concentration of all products and reactants = 1M

38
Q

Halogens

A

The second to last group of elements on the periodic table

F, Cl, Br, I, and At

Halogens are very reactive and readily gain a valance electron to form a -1 anion

39
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

P1V1=P2V2

The pressure and the volume of an ideal gas are inversely proportional if the temperature and the number …

40
Q

Diamagnetism

A

And Adam without any unpaired electrons in its orbitals

Magnesium as an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 2s2and is a diamagnetic species

41
Q

Beta+ decay

A

A type of radioactive decay where the nucleus emits a positron

In beta+ decay, The atomic number decreases by one and the mass number does not change

42
Q

Nuclear charge

A

The charge of the nucleus which is equal to the atomic number

The charge of the nucleus is determined solely by the number of protons because neutrons have no charge

43
Q

Valence electrons

A

Electrons in the outer most shell of the atom

Valence electrons are important because they are the electrons involved with forming chemical bonds

44
Q

Empirical formula

A

An expression that describes the ratio of each atom in a molecule

MCAT Flashcards (12 decks)

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