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Flagged things from practice test Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What is a monooxygenase?

A

A monooxygenase inserts an oxygen atom into its substrate resulting in the oxidation of the substrate

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2
Q

What occurs when a Tyrosine is phosphorylated?

A

Tyrosine is an amino acid - When phosphroylated a phosphate group is exchanged for the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl group

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3
Q

Can Alanine be phosphorylated?

A

No Alanine (the amino acid) cannot be phosphorylated (likely because it is non polar)

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4
Q

How many nucleotides required to produce a 28 amino acid protein?

A

The mRNA has 87 nucleotides because 28x3=84 and then it needs a stop codon which would not be seen in the final product but is required (so you add 3 more nucleotides giving you 87)

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5
Q

What two amino acids carry a negative charge at the physiological pH?

A

Aspartic acid (aspartate) and glutamic acid (glutamate)

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6
Q

How is heart rate measured?

A

Heart rate is the number of heart contractions per minute

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7
Q

When a negative charge is added to a protein what happens to its isoelectric point?

A

The addition of a negative charge decreases the isoelectric point

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8
Q

Desmosomes

A

Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that function as anchors to form strong sheets of cells

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9
Q

Gap junctions

A

Gap junctions are intercellular junctions that provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells

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10
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Intercalated discs are specialized intercellular junctions between cardiac muscle cells that provide direct electrical coupling among cells

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11
Q

Tight junctions

A

Tight junctions are intercellular junctions that prevent movement of solutes in the space between adjacent cells

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12
Q

Briefly describe the operant conditioning paradigm

A

The operant conditioning paradigm is when participants learn the response that is reinforced

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13
Q

What is the traditional behaviorist approach?

A

The traditional behaviorist approach says that only the actual outcomes of a behavior determine if the behavior will be repeated

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14
Q

What is functional fixedness?

A

Functional fixedness refers to people’s tendency to think of things in terms of their usual functions, which can inhibit problem solving

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15
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Conformation bias refers to the tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions

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16
Q

Overconfidence effect

A

Overconfidence effect refers to the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of ones belief’s and judgements

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17
Q

Availability heuristic

A

The availability heuristic refers to the tendency to estimate the likelihood of events based on how easily examples of those events can be retrieved from memory

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18
Q

Formula to calculate period from frequency

A 
T = 1/f 
Period = 1/frequency
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19
Q

Fundamental rule about waves concerning frequency?

A

The frequency of a wave does not change when the wave travels from one medium to another

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20
Q

When more oxygen is found in the molecule what kind of reaction did the molecule likely undergo?

A

More oxygen in a molecule means that an oxidation reaction took place

21
Q

What would you expect to see if a nucleophilic addition took place?

A

If a nucleophilic addition reaction occurred you would expect to see a formation of two new sigma bonds from a pie bond that was already in the molecule

22
Q

What is seen when a dehydration reaction takes place?

A

When a dehydration takes place there will be a removal of a water molecule from the compound

23
Q

Are salts water soluble?

A

Salts are charged so they are water soluble (or hydrophilic)

24
Q

Do photons have charge?

A

No photons do not have a charge - so because photons do not have a charge they are unaffected by magnetic fields

25
Q

When does deprotonation occur?

A

Deprotonation occurs at high pH (more basic)

26
Q

What are the sources of degrees of unsaturation?

A

rings and multiple bonds are sources of degrees of unsaturation

27
Q

How does wavelength relate to energy of a photon?

A

Shorter wavelengths equate to photons of larger energies

28
Q

Hydrolysis of imines is an example of what kind of reaction?

A

Hydrolysis of imines is an example of a nucleophilic addition -> the nucleophilic water attacks the electrophilic carbon involved in the C=N double bond

29
Q

Nucleophicity trend on the periodic table?

A

Nucleophicity increases going down the periodic table due to greater size and polarizability

30
Q

The use of a stronger nucleophile does what to the rate of the reaction?

A

The use of a stronger nucleophile would cause the reaction to go faster

31
Q

Biochemical activities of the liver

A
  • Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism such a glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, and gluconeogenesis
  • Deamination of amino acids and conversion of resulting ammonia to urea
  • Lipid metabolism, including cholesterol and lipoprotein synthesis
32
Q

Where are lipases produced in the body?

A

Lipases are produced by the pancreas

33
Q

What is a cyclic sugar with five atoms in the ring called?

A

Furanose

34
Q

How do you know if a sugar is a D-sugar

A

A D sugar has an R configuration on the last stereocenter in the molecule

35
Q

How do you know if a sugar is an L sugar

A

An L sugar has a S configuration on the last stereocenter in the molecule

36
Q

Formula for torque

A

T = Fd sin(theta)

37
Q

What is the sin (90 degrees)

A

The sin of 90 is 1

38
Q

What is the sin (30 degrees)

A

The sin of 30 is .5

39
Q

What is the cos (90 degrees)

A

The cos of 90 is 0

40
Q

What is the cos (0 degrees)

A

The cos of 0 is 1

41
Q

What is the sin (0 degrees)

A

The sin of 0 is 0

42
Q

When doing projectile motion - to calculate the horizontal use

A

v cos(theta)

43
Q

When doing projectile motion - to calculate the vertical use

A

v sin(theta)

44
Q

How do catalysts increase the rate of reaction ?

A

Catalysts increase the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy (and stabilizing the transition state)

45
Q

How do you calculate flow rate?

A

f = Av
Flow rate = (area)(flow speed)
Flow rate is

46
Q

How does dissociation constant relate to temperature

A

The dissociation constant is true at a certain temperature, and when you change the temperature it alters the dissociation constant

47
Q

Why are fatty acids stored as triacylclycerols?

A

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are more stable than free fatty acids

48
Q

What information is given to you in a western blot

A

Western blots give information on protein expression

49
Q

What does reverse transcriptase PCR give you

A

Reverse transcriptase PCR is performed on mRNA and it gives information about what transcripts are present in a cell

MCAT Flashcards (12 decks)

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