Physics Flashcards by Anguish Dacera

is the biological dimension of your gender and sexuality.

Sex

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the parts of our body that are relevant to reproduction

Sex

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Sex is typically determined by examining your

genitals

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these are external organs that are associated with reproduction

genitals

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the process or the ability to create offspring.

reproduction

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There are cases when the baby’s genitals appear to be a conglomerate of male and female organs such that it may be difficult to classify the baby’s sex without further examination. In the past, this condition is referred to as

hermaphroditism

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Protein structures which may contain your genetic materials – are also used to determine the sex.

CHROMOSOMES

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XY sex chromosomes is for

male

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XX sex chromosomes is for

female.

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is the diversity of characteristics, nature, role and identity which is constructed socially based on the masculinity or femininity that is unfixed and can change depending on the time, group and society where the individual lives.

Gender

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How do we see and experience ourselves as a man, woman or neither.
Males are comfortable identifying as a man and females are comfortable identifying as a woman.

Gender Identity

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there are cases wherein a person’s biological sex does not align with gender identity.

TRANSGENDER

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The medical community often refers to individuals who wish to alter their bodies to align with their gender identities

TRANSSEXUALS

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refers to the lack of sexual attraction or absence of arousal or the desire
for sex

Asexual

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Sexual orientation is the emotional, romantic, and/ or sexual attraction someone feels towards the opposite sex

heterosexual

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Sexual orientation is the emotional, romantic, and/ or sexual attraction someone feels towards the the same sex

homosexual

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Sexual orientation is the emotional, romantic, and/ or sexual attraction someone feels towards both sex

bisexual

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is the emotional, romantic, and/ or sexual attraction

Sexual orientation

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is the study of the
structure of the body in relation to its
components.

Anatomy

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Each person has a ________of gonads

pair

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are female gonads

ovaries

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are the male gonads

testes

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produce germ cells and sex hormones.

gonads

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The female germ cells are

ova (egg)

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the male germ cells

sperm

are the basic units of reproduction; their union can lead to the creation of a new life

Ova and sperm

is the organ that makes gametes.

gonad

are haploid germ cells

gametes

All the external female genital structures taken together.

Vulva

Pads of fatty tissue between public bone and skin

Mons Veneris

Outer lips surrounding all the other structures.

Labia Majora

Clitoral Hood (foreskin above and covering clitoris)

Prepuce

Glans (head), Shaft, and Crura (root). FEMALE -particularly sensitive to stimulation

Clitoris

Inner lips surrounding the vestibule where sweat and oil glands, extensive blood vessels and nerve endings are located.

Labia Minora

Area surrounding the urethral opening and vagina which is highly sensitive with extensive blood vessel and nerve endings.

Vestibule

End of tube connecting to bladder and used for urination. FEMALE

Urethral Opening

Also called introitus.

Vaginal Opening

Area of skin separating the genitalia from the anus, distance is less in females than males.

Perineum

Collapsible canal extending from vaginal opening back and upward into body to cervix and uterus. During arousal it is engorged with blood. This aids its expansion and triggers the release of lubricants from vaginal mucosa.

Vagina

Small ends of uterus to which vagina leads. Or is the opening in cervix leading to interior of uterus.

Cervix

Womb, organ within pelvic zone where fetus is carried.

Uterus

Carry egg cells from ovaries to uterus, this is where fertilization occurs.

Fallopian tubes

Produce estrogens and progesterone.

Ovaries

influences female sex. Characteristics and initiates menstrual cycle.

Estrogen

aids in regulation of menstrual cycle and promotes mature development of uterine lining to allow for zygote implantation.

Progesterone

The menstrual cycle marks the beginning of puberty in females. The first episode occurs between 11 to 15 years of age referred to as

menarche.

pertains to the sloughing off of the uterine lining if conception has not occurred.

Menstruation

Regardless of the length of the cycle, menstruation begins about_______

14 days after ovulation (plus or minus 1-2 days).

The overall menstrual cycle is governed by the _________ as it monitors hormone levels in the bloodstream.

hypothalamus

This occurs if the ovum is not fertilized, and does not implant itself into the uterine lining, the continued high levels of estrogen and progesterone causes the pituitary to stop releasing FSH and LH. Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease causing the endometrium to be sloughed off and bleeding ensues. It is during this time that ovarian hormones are at their lowest levels.

Menstrual phase

It occurs when the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) that stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and causes ova to mature in the ovarian follicles. Endometrium is repaired, thickens, and becomes well vascularized in response to increasing levels of estrogens.

Proliferative phase

It occurs when the pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone (LH) that causes the ovary to release a mature ovum and causes the remaining portion of the follicle to develop into the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum then produce progesterone. Endometrial glands begin to secret nutrients, and lining becomes more vascular in response to increasing level of progesterone.

Secretory phase

disruption or absence of menstruation

amenorrhea

painful menstruation caused by overproduction of prostaglandins causing uterine muscles to contract

dysmenorrhea

PMS, 80- 95% of women

premenstrual syndrome

is geared to produce and deliver fertilization terms for the female ovum.

Male sexual anatomy

marks the completion of the development of the primary and auxiliary reproductive organs

Puberty

foreskin covering head of penis, removed in male circumcision.

Prepuce

Glans (head), shaft, and root. The glans is particularly sensitive to stimulation. MALE

Penis

rim of glans where it arises from shaft.

Corona

Running the length of the penis is the urethra surrounded by the spongy body and two cylindrical chambers known as_______ During arousal these become engorge with blood, resulting to erection.

cavernous bodies

thin strip of skin connecting glans and shaft on underside of penis.

Frenulum

sac that encloses the two compartments housing testes.

Scrotum

found on head of penis. This is the end of the tube that connects the bladder which is used for urination. It is also tube to which internal structures deliver semen by which male ejaculates.

Urethral Opening

area of skin separating the genitalia from the anus, distance is greater in males than females.

Perineum

Produce androgens, particularly large quantities of testosterone, which greatly influence male development and drive sexual motivation. Also, produce sperm cells in virtually unlimited quantity over the entire course of lifespan.

Testes

Travels from the testicle toward urethra carrying sperm.

Vas Deferens

Two glands that produce alkaline fluid rich in fructose sugar, comprising some 70% of semen volume. Alkaline nature may stimulate sperm to start self-propulsion and sugar may provide sperm nutrients. Ducts

Seminal Vesicles

Connect Vas Deferens to Urethra.

Ejaculatory Ducts

Gland producing alkaline secretions that account for about 30% of semen volume. Alkaline nature may help counteract otherwise acidic environment of urethra and vagina making them more hospitable for sperm. Fluid passes through series of ducts along wall of urethra.

Prostate

Tube within Penis that carries sperm and semen the rest of the way to the opening of the penis

Urethra

is the primary male hormone generated mostly by the testes,

Testosterone

Testosterone it is also produced by other glands called the______

adrenal glands.

is responsible for a boy's growth and development during puberty, as well as the production of sperm and secondary sexual traits

Testosterone