Chemistry Flashcards
The study of the composition and structure of materials and of the changes that materials undergo.
Chemistry
An observation of natural phenomena carried out in a controlled manner so that the results can be duplicated and rational conclusions obtained.
Experiment
A concise statement or mathematical equation about a fundamental relationship or regularity of nature.
Law
A tentative explanation of some regularity of nature.
Hypothesis
A tested explanation of a basic natural phenomenon.
Theory
Whatever occupies space and can be perceived by our senses.
Matter
The quantity of matter in a material.
Mass
The total mass remains constant during a chemical change (chemical reaction).
Law of Conservation of Mass
characterized by rigidity; fixed volume and fixed shape.
Solid
relatively incompressible fluid; fixed volume, no fixed shape.
Liquid
compressible fluid; no fixed volume, no fixed shape.
Gas
A change in the form of matter but not in its chemical identity.
Physical Change
A change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into a new kind of matter or several new kinds of matter.
Chemical Change = Chemical Reaction
A characteristic that can be observed for a material without changing its chemical identity.
Physical Property
A characteristic of a material involving its chemical change.
Chemical Property
A kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process such as distillation or sublimation.
Substance
A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by any chemical reaction.
Element
A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined.
Compound
A material that can be separated by physical means into two or more substances
Mixture
One of several different homogeneous materials present in the portion of matter under study.
Phase
A mixture that consists of physically distinct parts, each with different properties.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture that is uniform in its properties; also called a solution.
Homogenous Mixture
The comparison of a physical quantity with a fixed standard of measurement—a unit.
Measurement
The closeness of the set of values obtained from repeated measurement of the same quantity.
Precision
The closeness of a single measurement to its true value.
Accuracy
Those digits in a measured number (or in the result of a calculation with measured numbers) that include all certain digits plus a final digit having some uncertainty.
Significant Figures
The number of digits reported for the value of a measured or calculated quantity, indicating the precision of the value.
Number of Significant Figures
A counted number or defined number.
Exact Number
The procedure of dropping nonsignificant digits and adjusting the last digit reported in the final result of a calculation.
Rounding
An international system of units made up of a particular choice of metric units.
SI Units
The seven metric units from which all other units can be derived.
Base Units
The representation of a number in the form
A × 10n
Scientific Notation
A measure of “hotness”
Heat flows from an area of higher temperature to an area of lower temperature.
Temperature
Combinations of fundamental units.
Derived Units
A factor equal to 1 that converts a quantity expressed in one unit to a quantity expressed in another unit.
Conversion Factor
A method of calculations in which one carries along the units for quantities.
Units and Dimensional Analysis (Factor-Label Method)
involves the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemistry of substances.
Analytical chemistry
the study of chemical process in living organism
Biochemistry
the study of carbon compounds
Organic Chemistry
The Study of Non-Living substances
Inorganic Chemistry
is a branch of chemistry which applies chemical and physical process towards the transformation of raw materials into products
Industrial Chemistry
is the study of the chemical and physical properties of elements
nuclear chemistry
