Physical Training Flashcards
Coronary Artery Disease
Blockage of arteries supplying cardiac tissue
Ischemia
Insufficient blood to tissue due to partial blockage of artery
Most common during physical activity or times of stress
Results in angina pectoris (severe chest pain)
Myocardial infarction
heart attack): severe or complete blockage, leading to cell death in heart
Atherosclerosis
progressive narrowing of artery due to plaque
Arteriosclerosis
thickening & loss of elasticity of arterial wall
Types of stroke
Ischemic
Hemorrhagic
Ischemic stroke:
blockage of vessel
Hemorrhagic stroke
rupture of vessel
What causes acute heart failure?
heart attack resulting from:
Toxic substance or drug
Coronary artery blockage
What causes chronic heart failure?
Hypertension
Multiple minor heart attacks
Viral infection
What is hypertension?
Chronic high blood pressure at rest
≥140/90 mm Hg
What does hypertension do to heart muscle?
Heart must work harder to pump
Physiological effects of hypertension?
Increased oxygen demand of cardiac tissue
Increased strain on arteries & arterioles
Increases risk of heart failure, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, kidney failure
Prehypertension
Systolic: 120-139
Dystolic: 80-89
Stage 1 hypertension
Systolic: 140-159
Dystolic90-99
Stage 2 hypertension
Systolic: greater than 160
Dystolic:greater than 100
CAD: Risk Factors
Age
Being of male sex
Heredity
CAD: Controllable factors
Smoking tobacco Blood lipid profile Hypertension Obesity & overweight Diabetes mellitus Physical inactivity Psychological stress Alcohol consumption Diet & nutrition
What does ST segment depression indicate?
CAD
Minimal threshold for intensity of exercise:
55% to 65% of maximal heart rate
Upper end of range for health and fitness gains (HR)
94% of HRmax
Range for near-optimal gains (HR):
77% to 90% HRmax
Resting O2 consumption
3.5 mL·kg·min-1
P-wave represents:
atrial contraction
T-wave represents:
ventricular relaxation
QRS represents:
ventricular contraction
