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Exercise Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary

A

delivers blood from heart to lungs & back to heart

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2
Q

Peripheral

A

delivers blood from heart to body & back to heart

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3
Q

Arteries

A

large vessels that carry blood away from heart

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4
Q

Arterioles

A

small, branch arteries

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5
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest vessels; site of gas & nutrient exchange

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6
Q

Veins

A

vessels that carry blood toward heart

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7
Q

Venules

A

small veins that carry blood toward heart

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8
Q

Venous blood

A

blood returning to heart

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9
Q

Arterial blood

A

blood leaving heart and going to body or lungs

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10
Q

2 AV valves:

A

tricuspid (R side), bicuspid (L side)

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11
Q

2 semilunar valves:

A

pulmonary (R side), aortic (L side)

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12
Q

Pericardium

A

tough, membranous sac that encases heart

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13
Q

Anastomosis

A

intercommunication between 2 arteries ensuring blood flow to area even if one artery blocked

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14
Q

Systole

A

contraction phase; blood is pumped out of chamber

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15
Q

Diastole

A

relaxation phase; blood fills chamber

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16
Q

Intrinsic control of cardiac cycle

A

Autorhythmaticity
SA node
AV node
Purkinje fibers

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17
Q

Autorhythmaticity

A

ability to initiate impulse for contraction at regular intervals

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18
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker of cardiac contraction

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19
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

delays impulse by 1/10 of second, allowing atria to contract before ventricles

20
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

rapidly spreads impulse to contract throughout ventricles

21
Q

Extrinsic control of cardiac cycle:

A

Parasympathetic nerve fibers
Sympathetic nerve fibers
Bradycardia
Endocrine glands

22
Q

Parasympathetic nerve fibers

A

decrease heart rate

23
Q

Sympathetic nerve fibers

A

increase heart rate

24
Q

Bradycardia

A

slow heart rate; often training-induced

25
Q

Syncytial contraction

A

fibers contract simultaneously

26
Q

Cardiac Muscle (Myocardium)

A

Capable of contraction & force generation, like skeletal muscle
Capable of initiating impulse (autorhythmaticity)
Has intercalated discs that spread impulse to contract

27
Q

Regular physical training & chronic hypertension result in

A

Thickening of L ventricle wall

Increase in L ventricular mass

28
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood pumped per minute

29
Q

What is cardiac output determined by?

A

heart rate (HR) & stroke volume (SV)

30
Q

End-diastolic volume (EDV):

A

blood in ventricles at end of diastole

31
Q

End-systolic volume (ESV):

A

blood in ventricles at end of systole

32
Q

Ejection fraction (EF):

A

ratio of available blood to pumped blood

33
Q

Calculate stroke volume:

A

SV (mL) = EDV (mL) − ESV (mL)

34
Q

Calculate ejection fraction:

A

EF =SV/EDV

35
Q

Plasma components:

A

90% water, 7% plasma proteins, 3% other

36
Q

Hemoglobin

A

protein (globin) & iron-containing pigment (heme) necessary for binding oxygen

37
Q

RBC

A

Transport oxygen via hemoglobin

38
Q

Where are RBC produced in adults?

A

produced in bone marrow of long bones

39
Q

Lifespan of RBC?

A

4 months

40
Q

Arterial-venous oxygen difference

A

Amount of oxygen per 100 mL of arterial blood entering a tissue minus that leaving tissue

41
Q

What factors affect the redistribution of blood?

A

parallel circuitry
vasodilation
vasoconstriction
precapillary sphincters

42
Q

What does Release of norepinephrine by sympathetic nerves cause?

A

vasoconstriction

43
Q

What does release of epinephrine by sympathetic nerves cause?

A

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

44
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

45
Q

QRS interval

A

ventricular depolarization

46
Q

ST segment

A

ventricular repolarization

47
Q

QT interval

A

ventricular depolarization and repolarization

Exercise Physiology (6 decks)

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