Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Pulmonary

Answer 1

delivers blood from heart to lungs & back to heart

Question 2

Peripheral

Answer 2

delivers blood from heart to body & back to heart

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

large vessels that carry blood away from heart

Question 4

Arterioles

Answer 4

small, branch arteries

Question 5

Capillaries

Answer 5

smallest vessels; site of gas & nutrient exchange

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

vessels that carry blood toward heart

Question 7

Venules

Answer 7

small veins that carry blood toward heart

Question 8

Venous blood

Answer 8

blood returning to heart

Question 9

Arterial blood

Answer 9

blood leaving heart and going to body or lungs

Question 10

2 AV valves:

Answer 10

tricuspid (R side), bicuspid (L side)

Question 11

2 semilunar valves:

Answer 11

pulmonary (R side), aortic (L side)

Question 12

Pericardium

Answer 12

tough, membranous sac that encases heart

Question 13

Anastomosis

Answer 13

intercommunication between 2 arteries ensuring blood flow to area even if one artery blocked

Question 14

Systole

Answer 14

contraction phase; blood is pumped out of chamber

Question 15

Diastole

Answer 15

relaxation phase; blood fills chamber

Question 16

Intrinsic control of cardiac cycle

Answer 16

Autorhythmaticity
SA node
AV node
Purkinje fibers

Question 17

Autorhythmaticity

Answer 17

ability to initiate impulse for contraction at regular intervals

Question 18

Sinoatrial node

Answer 18

pacemaker of cardiac contraction

Question 19

Atrioventricular node

Answer 19

delays impulse by 1/10 of second, allowing atria to contract before ventricles

Question 20

Purkinje fibers

Answer 20

rapidly spreads impulse to contract throughout ventricles

Question 21

Extrinsic control of cardiac cycle:

Answer 21

Parasympathetic nerve fibers
Sympathetic nerve fibers
Bradycardia
Endocrine glands

Question 22

Parasympathetic nerve fibers

Answer 22

decrease heart rate

Question 23

Sympathetic nerve fibers

Answer 23

increase heart rate

Question 24

Bradycardia

Answer 24

slow heart rate; often training-induced

Question 25

Syncytial contraction

Answer 25

fibers contract simultaneously

Question 26

Cardiac Muscle (Myocardium)

Answer 26

Capable of contraction & force generation, like skeletal muscle Capable of initiating impulse (autorhythmaticity) Has intercalated discs that spread impulse to contract

Question 27

Regular physical training & chronic hypertension result in

Answer 27

Thickening of L ventricle wall | Increase in L ventricular mass

Question 28

Cardiac output

Answer 28

Amount of blood pumped per minute

Question 29

What is cardiac output determined by?

Answer 29

heart rate (HR) & stroke volume (SV)

Question 30

End-diastolic volume (EDV):

Answer 30

blood in ventricles at end of diastole

Question 31

End-systolic volume (ESV):

Answer 31

blood in ventricles at end of systole

Question 32

Ejection fraction (EF):

Answer 32

ratio of available blood to pumped blood

Question 33

Calculate stroke volume:

Answer 33

SV (mL) = EDV (mL) − ESV (mL)

Question 34

Calculate ejection fraction:

Answer 34

EF =SV/EDV

Question 35

Plasma components:

Answer 35

90% water, 7% plasma proteins, 3% other

Question 36

Hemoglobin

Answer 36

protein (globin) & iron-containing pigment (heme) necessary for binding oxygen

Question 37

RBC

Answer 37

Transport oxygen via hemoglobin

Question 38

Where are RBC produced in adults?

Answer 38

produced in bone marrow of long bones

Question 39

Lifespan of RBC?

Answer 39

4 months

Question 40

Arterial-venous oxygen difference

Answer 40

Amount of oxygen per 100 mL of arterial blood entering a tissue minus that leaving tissue

Question 41

What factors affect the redistribution of blood?

Answer 41

parallel circuitry vasodilation vasoconstriction precapillary sphincters

Question 42

What does Release of norepinephrine by sympathetic nerves cause?

Answer 42

vasoconstriction

Question 43

What does release of epinephrine by sympathetic nerves cause?

Answer 43

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 44

P wave

Answer 44

atrial depolarization

Question 45

QRS interval

Answer 45

ventricular depolarization

Question 46

ST segment

Answer 46

ventricular repolarization

Question 47

QT interval

Answer 47

ventricular depolarization and repolarization